From the parental perspective, each individual's overall reproductive effort is a combination
of mating effort and parental effort or investment. There are numerous factors that can have�…

MANY SPECIES DO NOT engage in parental care (Alcock, 2001). Part of the reason is that
parental care is costly. By investing in offspring, parents lose out on resources that could be�…

Many species do not engage in parental care (Alcock, 2001). Part of the reason is that
parental care is costly. By investing in offspring, parents lose out on resources that could be�…

Not all species engage in parental care. As researchers have noted, investment by parents
in offspring is investment that cannot be directed elsewhere, into either somatic effort or�…

Parental Investment and Parent-Offspring Conflict. Parental Investment and Parent-Offspring
Conflict. Citation Salmon, C. (2005). Parental Investment and Parent-Offspring Conflict. In DM�…

Basic human relationships and characteristic conflicts show a startling consistency across
time and space and it is reasonable to expect that psychological adaptations have evolved�…