Objective This study was conducted to better understand the pervasive gender barriers
obstructing the progression of women in surgery by synthesising the perspectives of both�…

Background: Previous research has highlighted the gender-based disparities present
throughout the field of surgery. This study aims to evaluate the breadth of the issues facing�…

Background Disparity exists between men and women physicians. We aimed to examine
changes in gender disparity in the medical profession over the last two decades. The study�…

Women are under-represented in surgery, especially in leadership and academic roles, and
face a gender pay gap. There has been little work on the role of implicit biases in women's�…

Background Our objective was to identify perceptions of the environment for women in
surgery among 4 academic institutions. Methods Faculty surgeons and senior surgery�…

Though overt sexism is decreasing, women now experience subtle, often unconscious,
gender bias as microaggressions. The authors sought to explore the prevalence and impact�…

Background: Although explicit sex-based discrimination has largely been deemed
unacceptable in professional settings, implicit gender bias persists and results in a�…

Objective Medical schools now average approximately 50% female students, yet a
disproportionate number of women continue to choose nonsurgical over surgical specialties�…

Importance Sex equity is elusive in academic surgery departments across the United States.
Persistent inequities remain a considerable problem and inhibit professional advancement�…

Despite the dramatically increased entry of women into general surgery and surgical
subspecialties, traditionally male-dominated fields, there remains a gross under�…