There is persuasive clinical and experimental evidence that macrophages promote cancer
initiation and malignant progression. During tumor initiation, they create an inflammatory�…

Evidence from clinical and experimental studies indicates that macrophages promote solid-
tumour progression and metastasis. Macrophages are educated by the tumour�…

Specialized phagocytes are found in the most primitive multicellular organisms. Their roles
in homeostasis and in distinguishing self from non-self have evolved with the complexity of�…

Macrophages, the most plastic cells of the haematopoietic system, are found in all tissues
and show great functional diversity. They have roles in development, homeostasis, tissue�…

Metastasis is a multistage process that requires cancer cells to escape from the primary
tumour, survive in the circulation, seed at distant sites and grow. Each of these processes�…

The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecology of cells that evolves with and provides
support to tumor cells during the transition to malignancy. Among the innate and adaptive�…

Macrophages are prominent in the stromal compartment of virtually all types of malignancy.
These highly versatile cells respond to the presence of stimuli in different parts of tumors�…

Macrophages within the tumor microenvironment facilitate angiogenesis and extracellular-
matrix breakdown and remodeling and promote tumor cell motility. Recent studies reveal�…

Infiltration of macrophages in solid tumours is associated with poor prognosis and correlates
with chemotherapy resistance in most cancers. In mouse models of cancer, macrophages�…

In many human cancers, the abundance of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment is
correlated with poor prognosis. Experimental evidence for the causal relationship between�…