Until recently, the airways were thought to be sterile unless infected; however, a shift
towards molecular methods for the quantification and sequencing of bacterial DNA has�…

Exiting from the largely sterile environment of the womb, the neonatal immune system is not
fully mature, and thus neonatal immune cells must simultaneously mount responses against�…

Host–microorganism interactions shape local cell functionality, immune responses, and can
influence disease development. Evidence indicates that the impact of host–microbe�…

Increasingly the development of novel therapeutic strategies is taking into consideration the
contribution of the intestinal microbiota to health and disease. Dysbiosis of the microbial�…

Although largely deprived from exogenous stimuli in utero, the mucosal barriers of the
neonate after birth are bombarded by environmental, nutritional, and microbial exposures�…