Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Dec;23(4):399-405.
doi: 10.4314/ahs.v23i4.43.

Domestic violence against Iranian pregnant adolescents: protective and risk factors

Mona Rahnavardi  1 , Zahra Bostani Khalesi  1 , Zahra Hazrati  2
Affiliations

Domestic violence against Iranian pregnant adolescents: protective and risk factors

Mona Rahnavardi et al. Afr Health Sci. 2023 Dec.

Abstract

Background: Domestic violence is an important health, which has serious impacts on women's health. The study aimed to discover the protective and risk factors of domestic violence among pregnant adolescents.

Materials and methods: In the analytical cross-sectional study, 255 eligible pregnant women aged 14-20 years who have been referred to Al-Zahra Hospital, in northern Iran between September 2020 and March 2022 participated. Demographical characteristics were recorded by a questionnaire. Domestic violence was assessed using the instrument of violence against women. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the basic features of the data.

Results: The frequency of physical, emotional, and sexual violence was respectively 13.33%, 23.52%, and 9.01%. The risk factors included the spouse's substance use (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.25-4.62), spouse's low education (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.12-3.52), spouse's unemployment (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.57) and domestic violence exposure in childhood (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.46-2.51). Higher education for women was a protective factor for domestic violence (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.45-0.83).

Conclusions: The education level is a protective factor against domestic violence among pregnant adolescents. These results can help to design the most appropriate prevention programs to reduce the risk factors for violence among pregnant adolescents.

Keywords: Domestic violence pregnant women; adolescent; risk factors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Patra P, Prakash J, Patra B, Khanna P. Intimate partner violence: Wounds are deeper. Indian J Psychiatry. 2018;60(4):494–498. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_74_17. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Libal K, Parekh S. Reframing violence against women as a human rights violation: Evan Stark's Coercive Control. Violence against women. 2009;15(12):1477–1489. doi: 10.1177/1077801209346958. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate Partner Violence in the Golden Age: Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors. FrontPsychol. 2018;9:1595. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595. Published 2018 Sep 4. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ali P A, Dhingra K, McGarry J. A literature review of intimate partner violence and its classifications. Aggression Violent Behav. 2016;31:16–25. 10.1016/j.avb.2016.06.008.
    1. Barter C, Stanley N. Inter-personal violence and abuse in adolescent intimate relationships: mental health impact and implications for practice. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England) 2016;28(5):485–503. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2016.1215295. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources