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Review
. 2024 Jun;44(3):e438658.
doi: 10.1200/EDBK_438658.

Emerging Novel Functional Imaging and Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Current Treatment Sequencing Strategies After Immunotherapy

Muhammad Ali  1   2 , Marc Eid  3 , Renee Maria Saliby  3   4 , Sharon Choi  5 , Rana R McKay  5 , Shankar Siva  1   2 , David A Braun  4   6 , Yu-Wei Chen  5
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Free article
Review

Emerging Novel Functional Imaging and Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Current Treatment Sequencing Strategies After Immunotherapy

Muhammad Ali et al. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2024 Jun.
Free article

Abstract

The management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has advanced significantly in the past two decades. Many promising functional imaging modalities such as radiolabeled tracer targeting carbonic anhydrase IX and prostate-specific membrane antigen are under development to detect primary kidney tumors, stage systemic disease, and assess treatment response in RCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1 and cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte-4 have changed the treatment paradigm in advanced RCC. Trials investigating novel mechanisms such as LAG-3 immune checkpoint inhibition, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, and T-cell engagers targeting RCC-associated antigens are currently ongoing. With the rapidly changing treatment landscape of RCC, the treatment sequence strategies will continue to evolve. Familiarity with the toxicities associated with the therapeutic agents and how to manage them are essential to achieve optimal patient outcomes. This review summarizes the recent developments of functional imaging and immunotherapy strategies in RCC, and the evidence supports treatment sequencing.

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