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. 2024 May 28:S0896-6273(24)00356-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.009. Online ahead of print.

Cell-class-specific electric field entrainment of neural activity

Soo Yeun Lee  1 , Konstantinos Kozalakis  2 , Fahimeh Baftizadeh  3 , Luke Campagnola  3 , Tim Jarsky  3 , Christof Koch  3 , Costas A Anastassiou  4
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Free article

Cell-class-specific electric field entrainment of neural activity

Soo Yeun Lee et al. Neuron. .
Free article

Abstract

Electric fields affect the activity of neurons and brain circuits, yet how this happens at the cellular level remains enigmatic. Lack of understanding of how to stimulate the brain to promote or suppress specific activity significantly limits basic research and clinical applications. Here, we study how electric fields impact subthreshold and spiking properties of major cortical neuronal classes. We find that neurons in the rodent and human cortex exhibit strong, cell-class-dependent entrainment that depends on stimulation frequency. Excitatory pyramidal neurons, with their slower spike rate, entrain to both slow and fast electric fields, while inhibitory classes like Pvalb and Sst (with their fast spiking) predominantly phase-lock to fast fields. We show that this spike-field entrainment is the result of two effects: non-specific membrane polarization occurring across classes and class-specific excitability properties. Importantly, these properties are present across cortical areas and species. These findings allow for the design of selective and class-specific neuromodulation.

Keywords: behavior; cell types; characterization; cre-animals; electric field; entrainment; human; mouse; patch-clamp; simulation; stimulation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interests S.Y.L. has previously consulted for Starfish Neuroscience, Inc. C.A.A. and S.Y.L. are listed as inventors on a patent application related to this work. C.K. is a board member of and has a financial interest in Intrinsic Powers, Inc.

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