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. 2024 Jun 4.
doi: 10.1007/s00059-024-05251-4. Online ahead of print.

Prognostic value of pulmonary artery diameter/aorta diameter ratio in patients with acute pulmonary embolism

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Prognostic value of pulmonary artery diameter/aorta diameter ratio in patients with acute pulmonary embolism

Levent Pay et al. Herz. .

Abstract

Background: The ratio of pulmonary artery diameter (PAD) to ascending aortic diameter (AoD) has been reported to be a prognostic marker in several lung diseases; however, the usefulness of this tool in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is unknown. Here, we aimed to determine the long-term prognostic value of the PAD/AoD ratio in patients with APE.

Methods: A total of 275 patients diagnosed with APE at our tertiary care center between November 2016 and February 2022 were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of long-term mortality and their PAD/AoD ratios were compared.

Results: Long-term mortality was observed in 48 patients during the median follow-up of 59 (39-73) months. The patients were divided into two groups for analysis: group 1, consisting of 227 patients without recorded mortality, and group 2, consisting of 48 patients with documented mortality. A multivariate Cox regression model indicated that the PAD/AoD ratio has the potential to predict long-term mortality (HR: 2.9116, 95% CI: 1.1544-7.3436, p = 0.023). Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that there was no discernible difference in discriminative ability between the simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI) and PAD/AoD ratio (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.679 vs. 0.684, respectively, p = 0.937). The long-term predictive ability of the PAD/AoD ratio was not inferior to the sPESI score.

Conclusions: The PAD/AoD ratio, which can be easily calculated from pulmonary computed tomography, may be a useful parameter for determining the prognosis of APE patients.

Zusammenfassung: HINTERGRUND: Das Verhältnis zwischen dem Pulmonalarteriendurchmesser (PAD) und dem Durchmesser der Aorta ascendens (AoD) wurde als prognostischer Marker für verschiedene Lungenerkrankungen beschrieben; sein Nutzen bei Patienten mit akuter Lungenembolie (LE) ist jedoch nicht bekannt. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, den prognostischen Langzeitwert des PAD-AoD-Quotienten bei Patienten mit LE zu ermitteln.

Methoden: Zwischen November 2016 und Februar 2022 wurden 275 Patienten mit der Diagnose einer LE im Tertiärversorgungszentrum der Autoren in die Studie eingeschlossen. Dabei wurden die Patienten entsprechend dem Vorliegen von Langzeitmortalität in 2 Gruppen eingeteilt und ihre PAD-AoD-Quotienten verglichen.

Ergebnisse: Langzeitmortalität wurde bei 48 Patienten während des mittleren Follow-up von 59 (39–73) Monaten festgestellt. Zur Auswertung wurden die Patienten in 2 Gruppen unterteilt: Gruppe 1, bestehend aus 227 Patienten ohne dokumentierte Mortalität, und Gruppe 2, bestehend aus 48 Patienten mit dokumentierter Mortalität. Ein multivariates Cox-Regressions-Modell ergab, dass der PAD-AoD-Quotient das Potenzial aufweist, die Langzeitmortalität vorherzusagen (Hazard Ratio, HR: 2,9116; 95%-Konfidenzintervall, 95%-KI: 1,1544–7,3436; p = 0,023). Die Analyse der Receiver-Operating-Characteristic-Kurve zeigte, dass es keinen erkennbaren Unterschied in der Unterscheidungsfähigkeit zwischen dem Simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) und dem PAD-AoD-Quotienten gab („area under the curve“ [AUC] = 0,679 vs. 0,684; p = 0,937). Die langfristige Vorhersagekraft des PAD-AoD-Quotienten war dem sPESI-Score nicht unterlegen.

Schlussfolgerung: Der PAD-AoD-Quotient, der einfach anhand der Computertomographie der Lunge errechnet werden kann, ist möglicherweise ein nützlicher Parameter zur Ermittlung der Prognose von Patienten mit LE.

Keywords: Acute pulmonary embolism; Ascending aortic diameter; Computed tomography; Pulmonary arterial diameter; Pulmonary artery to aorta ratio.

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