Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 May 15:11:1380727.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1380727. eCollection 2024.

Lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and antithrombotic effects of nattokinase combined with red yeast rice in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

Man Liu #  1 , Ziyi Xu #  2 , Zongling Wang  3 , Di Wang  2 , Mingzhe Yang  2 , Hui Li  4 , Wei Zhang  4 , Ruikun He  2 , Huimin Cheng  1 , Peiyu Guo  1 , Zhongxia Li  2 , Hui Liang  1
Affiliations

Lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and antithrombotic effects of nattokinase combined with red yeast rice in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

Man Liu et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Nattokinase (NK) and red yeast rice (RYR) are both indicated for their potential in cardiovascular disease prevention and management, but their combined effects especially in coronary artery disease (CAD) are scarcely examined. This 90-day randomized, double-blind trial aims to investigate the effect of NK and RYR supplementations on cardiometabolic parameters in patients with stable CAD. 178 CAD patients were randomized to four groups: NK + RYR, NK, RYR, and placebo. No adverse effects due to the interventions were reported. In comparisons across groups, NK + RYR showed the maximum effect in reducing triglyceride (-0.39 mmol), total cholesterol (-0.66 mmol/L), diastolic blood pressure (-7.39 mmHg), and increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.195 mmol/L) than other groups (all p for multiple groups comparison<0.01). Both NK + RYR and NK groups had significantly better-improved lactate dehydrogenase than the others (-29.1 U/L and - 26.4 U/L). NK + RYR group also showed more potent reductions in thromboxane B2 and increases in antithrombin III compared to placebo (both p < 0.01). These improved markers suggest that combined NK and RYR may preferably alter antithrombin and COX-1 pathways, potentially reducing thrombosis risks in CAD patients. Overall, the combined NK and RYR supplementation is safe and more effective than separately in improving cardiometabolic markers among CAD patients with multiple heart medications use.

Keywords: anticoagulation; cardiometabolic risk factors; coronary artery disease; nattokinase; red yeast rice; statin.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

ZX, DW, MY, RH, and ZL were employed by BYHEALTH Co. Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Consolidated standards of reporting trials participant flow for the randomized trial. A total of 210 patients were screened and 189 eligible patients were randomized to four intervention groups. 11 participants dropped out during the trial. 178 participants were included in the final analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Change in 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1α), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio, antithrombin III (AT-III) among intervention groups. (A) Comparison among all participants in intervention groups; (B) Comparison among participants who had no aspirin intake in the intervention groups. The box plots show averages and interquartile ranges of the measured biomarkers’ changes. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Bauersachs R, Zeymer U, Brière J-B, Marre C, Bowrin K, Huelsebeck M. Burden of coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease: a literature review. Cardiovasc Ther. (2019) 2019:8295054–9. doi: 10.1155/2019/8295054, PMID: - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, et al. . Heart disease and stroke Statistics-2021 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. (2021) 143:e254–743. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950, PMID: - DOI - PubMed
    1. GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators . Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet. (2018) 392:1736–88. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Writing committee of the report on cardiovascular health and diseases in china . Report on cardiovascular health and diseases in China 2021: an updated summary. Biomed Environ Sci. (2021) 2022:573–603. doi: 10.3967/bes2022.079 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Dai J, Min JQ, Yang YJ. A study on the epidemic characteristics of dyslipidemia in adults of nine provinces of China. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. (2018) 46:114–8. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2018.02.009, PMID: - DOI - PubMed

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by BYHEALTH Nutrition and Health Research Foundation grant number TY0161101.