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Review
. 2024 May 17;16(10):1518.
doi: 10.3390/nu16101518.

Croatian Action on Salt and Health (CRASH): On the Road to Success-Less Salt, More Health

Bojan Jelaković  1   2   3 , Mihaela Marinović Glavić  4 , Marija Batinić Sermek  5 , Lovorka Bilajac  4   6   7 , Marija Bubaš  8   9 , Vlatka Buzjak Služek  10 , Krunoslav Capak  8 , Ines Drenjančević  11   12 , Andrea Gross Bošković  10 , Ana Jelaković  1   4 , Tomislav Jukić  13 , Sanja Kolarić Kravar  5 , Verica Kralj  8 , Ivan Pećin  3   14 , Lea Pollak  15 , Dunja Skoko-Poljak  9 , Danijela Stražanac  10 , Ana Stupin  11   12 , Vanja Vasiljev  4 , Valentina Vidranski  16 , Željko Reiner  14   17
Affiliations
Review

Croatian Action on Salt and Health (CRASH): On the Road to Success-Less Salt, More Health

Bojan Jelaković et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

The World Health Organization recommends adjusting salt intake as a part of the nine global targets to reduce premature mortality from non-communicable chronic diseases as a priority and the most cost-effective intervention. In 2006, the main aim of the Croatian Action on Salt and Health was to decrease salt intake by 16% because of its critical intake and consequences on human health. We have organized educative activities to increase awareness on salt harmfulness, define food categories of prime interest, collaborate with industries and determine salt intake (24 h urine sodium excretion). It was determined that the proportion of salt in ready-to-eat baked bread should not exceed 1.4%. In the period 2014-2022, salt in semi-white bread was reduced by 14%, 22% in bakery and 25% in the largest meat industry. Awareness of the harmfulness of salt on health increased from 65.3% in 2008 to 96.9% in 2023 and salt intake was reduced by 15.9-1.8 g/day (22.8% men, 11.7% women). In the last 18 years, a significant decrease in salt intake was achieved in Croatia, awareness of its harmfulness increased, collaboration with the food industry was established and regulatory documents were launched. However, salt intake is still very high, underlying the need for continuation of efforts and even stronger activities.

Keywords: blood pressure; cardiovascular mortality; epidemiology; hypertension; iodine; non-communicable diseases; potassium; public health; salt; sodium.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chronology of the CRASH program in Croatia.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Decrease in daily intake of table salt through bread and bakery products at the beginning and the end of the third phase of the CRASH program.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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