Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Jun;53(6):136-147.
doi: 10.1038/s41684-024-01377-4. Epub 2024 May 21.

The pig as an optimal animal model for cardiovascular research

Hao Jia #  1 , Yuan Chang #  1 , Jiangping Song  2   3
Affiliations
Review

The pig as an optimal animal model for cardiovascular research

Hao Jia et al. Lab Anim (NY). 2024 Jun.

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is a worldwide health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Preclinical cardiovascular research using animals is needed to explore potential targets and therapeutic options. Compared with rodents, pigs have many advantages, with their anatomy, physiology, metabolism and immune system being more similar to humans. Here we present an overview of the available pig models for cardiovascular diseases, discuss their advantages over other models and propose the concept of standardized models to improve translation to the clinical setting and control research costs.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 396, 1204–1222 (2020). - DOI
    1. Tsao, C. W. et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 147, e93–e621 (2023). - PubMed - DOI
    1. Suzuki, Y., Yeung, A. C. & Ikeno, F. The pre-clinical animal model in the translational research of interventional cardiology. JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 2, 373–383 (2009). - PubMed - DOI
    1. Robinson, N. B. et al. The current state of animal models in research: a review. Int. J. Surg. 72, 9–13 (2019). - PubMed - DOI
    1. Pound, P. & Ritskes-Hoitinga, M. Is it possible to overcome issues of external validity in preclinical animal research? Why most animal models are bound to fail. J. Transl. Med. 16, 304 (2018). - PubMed - PMC - DOI

LinkOut - more resources