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Review
. 2024 Apr 23;13(9):2463.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13092463.

Diagnostic, Theranostic and Prognostic Value of Thyroglobulin in Thyroid Cancer

Luca Giovanella  1   2 , Federica D'Aurizio  3 , Petra Petranović Ovčariček  4   5 , Rainer Görges  6
Affiliations
Review

Diagnostic, Theranostic and Prognostic Value of Thyroglobulin in Thyroid Cancer

Luca Giovanella et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Thyroglobulin (Tg) is an iodinated glycoprotein, which is normally stored in the follicular colloid of the thyroid, being a substrate for thyroid hormone production. Since it is produced by well-differentiated thyroid cells, it is considered a reliable tumor marker for patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) during their follow-up after total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation. It is used to monitor residual disease and to detect recurrent disease. After total thyroid ablation, unstimulated highly sensitive Tg measurements are sufficiently accurate to avoid exogenous or endogenous thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation and provide accurate diagnostic and prognostic information in the great majority of DTC patients. Adopting sophisticated statistical analysis, i.e., decision tree models, the use of Tg before radioiodine theranostic administration was demonstrated to be useful in refining conventional, pathology-based risk stratification and providing personalized adjuvant or therapeutic radioiodine administrations. The follow-up of DTC patients aims to promptly identify patients with residual or recurrent disease following primary treatment. Our review paper covers the diagnostic, theranostic and prognostic value of thyroglobulin in DTC patients.

Keywords: diagnostics; differentiated thyroid cancer; prognosis; radioiodine; theranostics; thyroglobulin.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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