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. 2024 Feb 22;12(5):3538-3551.
doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4022. eCollection 2024 May.

Behavior, antioxidant, and metabolomics effects of Allium tuncelianum

Nigar Abbak  1 , Emirhan Nemutlu  2 , Tuba Reçber  2 , Asli San Dagli Gul  1 , H Turan Akkoyun  3 , Mahire Bayramoglu Akkoyun  4 , Gulderen Yilmaz  5 , Suat Ekin  6 , Ahmet Bakir  6 , Okan Arihan  1
Affiliations

Behavior, antioxidant, and metabolomics effects of Allium tuncelianum

Nigar Abbak et al. Food Sci Nutr. .

Abstract

Allium species are consumed extensively as folkloric medicine and dietary elements, but limited studies have been conducted on them. In this study, the effects of an ethanol-water extract obtained from the underground bulb of Allium tuncelianum (Kollmann) Özhatay, B. Mathew & Şiraneci (AT) on the behavioral, antioxidant, and metabolite parameters in rats were evaluated. AT was administered orally once a day at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg to male Wistar albino rats for 10 consecutive days. The elevated plus maze, rotarod, and hotplate tests were used to examine anxiety-like behaviors, locomotor activities, and pain perception in the rats, respectively. Additionally, untargeted metabolomic analyses were performed on plasma samples and AT extracts using two orthogonal analytical platforms. The phenolic components, mainly fumaric acid, malic acid, vanillic acid, quercetin-3-arabinoside, hydrocinnamic acid, and gallocatechin, were determined in the extract. In addition, arbutin, salicylic acid, trehalose, and nicotinic acid were analyzed in the extract for the first time. The AT extract did not decrease the catalase, glutathione peroxidase, or superoxide dismutase levels; however, diazepam decreased some of those parameters significantly in the brain, liver, and kidney. Although both the AT and diazepam treatments resulted in an increase in anxiolytic-like effects compared to the control group, no significant differences were observed (p > .05). In the metabolomic analysis, significant changes were observed in the rats treated with AT and diazepam, and they caused significant changes in some metabolic pathways, including amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, compared to the control.

Keywords: Allium; Allium tuncelianum; antioxidant; anxiety; behavior; elevated plus maze; hotplate; metabolomics; rotarod; tunceli mountain garlic.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
(a) PCA and (b) PLS‐DA Score plots for metabolite levels in plasma samples from Control, Diazepam, AT 100, and AT 400 groups.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Comparison of the plasma metabolic profiles of the groups: (a) PLS‐DA score plot of AT100 vs Diazepam groups (b) VIP charts of metabolites that are effective in separating AT100 and Diazepam groups, (c) Heat map for metabolites in AT100 and Diazepam groups (d) PLS‐DA score plot of AT100 vs Control groups (E) VIP charts of metabolites that are effective in separating AT100 and Control groups, (f) Heat map for metabolites in AT100 and Control groups, (g) PLS‐DA score plot of Diazepam vs Contol groups (h) VIP charts of metabolites that are effective in separating Diazepam and Control groups, (i) Heat map for metabolites in Diazepam and Control groups. PCA, Principal component analysis; PLS‐DA, Partial least squares discriminant analysis; VIP, Variables important in the project.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Enrichment pathway derived from enriching pathway analysis of statistically significant altered metabolites. (a) Diazepam vs AT100, (b) AT100 vs Control, and (c) Diazepam vs Control.
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