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. 2024 Apr 2;25(1):2331412.
doi: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2331412. eCollection 2024.

Fabrication of quantum dot-immobilized Y2O3 microspheres with effective photoluminescence for cancer radioembolization therapy

Toshiki Miyazaki  1   2 , Takumi Wakayama  1 , Masaru Oda  3 , Masakazu Kawashita  4
Affiliations

Fabrication of quantum dot-immobilized Y2O3 microspheres with effective photoluminescence for cancer radioembolization therapy

Toshiki Miyazaki et al. Sci Technol Adv Mater. .

Abstract

Microspheres composed of Y-containing materials are effective agents for cancer radioembolization therapy using β-rays. The distribution and dynamics of these microspheres in tissues can be easily determined by providing the microspheres with an imaging function. In addition, the use of quantum dots will enable the detection of microspheres at the individual particle level with high sensitivity. In this study, core - shell quantum dots were bound to chemically modified yttria microspheres under various conditions, and the effect of reaction conditions on the photoluminescence properties of the microspheres was investigated. The quantum dots were immobilized on the surfaces of the microspheres through dehydration - condensation reactions between the carboxy groups of quantum dots and the amino groups of silane-treated microspheres. As the reaction time increased, the photoluminescence peak blue shifted, and the photoluminescence intensity and lifetime decreased. Therefore, a moderate period of the immobilization process was optimal for imparting effective photoluminescence properties. This study is expected to facilitate particle-level tracking of microsphere dynamics in biological tissues for the development of minimally invasive cancer radiotherapy of deep-seated tumors.

Keywords: Y2O3 microsphere; chemical immobilization; concentration quenching; photoluminescence; quantum dot; water-in-oil emulsion.

Plain language summary

We have established a method to immobilize quantum dots on yttria microspheres for cancer radiotherapy and revealed that photoluminescence intensity can be optimized by controlling the immobilization treatment time.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Schematic representation of the synthesis of CdSe quantum dot-immobilized Y2O3 microspheres.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
SEM micrographs of the surfaces of particles prepared at different emulsification speeds.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Amino group content of Y2O3 microspheres as a function of APTES concentration.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
FE-TEM photograph the surface of Y2O3 microsphere after treatment with the quantum dot-containing solution for 6 h.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
XPS spectra of the surfaces of Y2O3 microspheres before and after treatment with the quantum dot-containing solution for 24 h.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
FT-IR spectra of the surfaces of Y2O3 microspheres treated with the quantum dot-containing solution for various periods.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Zeta potential of samples treated with the quantum dot-containing solution for various periods.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Reflection and PL images of microspheres treated with the quantum dot-containing solution for 3 h.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
PL spectra of the quantum dot solution as received and microspheres treated with the quantum dot-containing solution for various periods.
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
Decay curves of the quantum dot solution as received and microspheres treated with the quantum dot-containing solution for various periods. Dotted lines represent instrument response function, while smooth solid lines indicate fitting curves.
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