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. 2024 Feb 23;14(3):237.
doi: 10.3390/jpm14030237.

The Interplay between Dyslipidemia and Neighboring Developments in Coronary Artery Disease Progression: A Personalized Approach

Tomasz Urbanowicz  1 , Krzysztof Skotak  2 , Anna Olasińska-Wiśniewska  1 , Krzysztof J Filipiak  3   4 , Jakub Bratkowski  2 , Beata Krasińska  4 , Zbigniew Krasiński  5 , Andrzej Tykarski  4 , Marek Jemielity  1
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The Interplay between Dyslipidemia and Neighboring Developments in Coronary Artery Disease Progression: A Personalized Approach

Tomasz Urbanowicz et al. J Pers Med. .

Abstract

(1) Background: Estimates suggest that up to 10% of global annual cardiovascular deaths could be related to environmental factors. Not only air pollution components, but also noise exposure and climate changes, are highlighted as nontraditional causes of cardiovascular morbidity. The aim of this study was to identify possible urbanization risk factors for the progression of coronary artery disease in a group of patients with chronic coronary syndrome. (2) Method: There were 77 patients (50 (65%) males and 27 (35%) females) with a median age of 70 (60-74) years who underwent repetitive angiography due to chronic coronary syndrome between 2018 and 2022. The Gensini score was calculated for assessment of coronary artery disease advancement. Environmental factors including neighboring developments were taken into account in this analysis, including housing, commercial, and industrial developments within 300, 500, and 700 m distances (buffer) from the place of habitation. (3) Results: The multivariable analysis results for prediction of Gensini score progression in relation to 700 m buffer urbanization pointed out the significance of hyperlipidemia (OR: 4.24, 95% CI 1.34-13.39, p = 0.014), initial Gensini score (OR: 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.05, p = 0.112), and neighborhood housing (OR: 0.03, 95% CI 0.01-0.49, p = 0.025). (4) Conclusions: Hyperlipidemia and housing neighborhood can be regarded as possible factors for coronary disease progression in patients with chronic coronary syndrome with the use of optimal medical therapy.

Keywords: Gensini; arterial hypertension; chronic coronary syndrome; coronary disease; dyslipidemia; familiar development; nontraditional risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The scope of land use in the patients’ places of living within a 700 m buffer. (A) Areas typical for most patients (median), (B) urbanized areas (maximum), (C) nonurban areas (minimum).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The scope of land use for (A) medium, (B) maximum, and (C) minimum patient results from the multivariable analysis results in relation to 700 m buffer.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Receiver curve analysis for coronary artery prediction. MODEL 1—blue line—300 m buffer (dyslipidemia), MODEL 2—red line—500 m buffer (dyslipidemia, Gensini score, housing neighborhood), MODEL 3—green line—700 m buffer (dyslipidemia, initial Gensini score, and housing neighborhood).
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