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Observational Study
. 2024 Feb 25;16(5):644.
doi: 10.3390/nu16050644.

Comparison of Eating Habits, Body Composition and Densitometric Parameters between Subjects with Normal Cognitive Function and Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Observational Study

Małgorzata Jamka  1 , Maria Chrobot  1 , Natalia Jaworska  1 , Jan Brylak  1 , Aleksandra Makarewicz-Bukowska  1 , Joanna Popek  1 , Adrianna Janicka  1 , Jarosław Walkowiak  1
Affiliations
Observational Study

Comparison of Eating Habits, Body Composition and Densitometric Parameters between Subjects with Normal Cognitive Function and Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Observational Study

Małgorzata Jamka et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

The role of nutrition in the ageing process of the brain is pivotal. Therefore, the study aimed to compare eating habits, body composition and densitometric parameters between subjects with normal cognitive function (NCF) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A total of 95 subjects with NCF (74% of women) and 95 individuals with MCI (77% of women) aged 50-70 years were studied. Densitometric parameters were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry methods. Eating habits were assessed using the food frequency questionnaire and 3-day diary records, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) intake was calculated. Significant differences between groups were detected for the %fat in the right arm (NCF vs. MCI: 38.4 (30.4-46.8) vs. 43.5 (35.5-49.2)%, p = 0.0407). Moreover, the MCI group had a significantly lower intake of calcium (p = 0.0010), phosphor (p = 0.0411), vitamins B2 (p = 0.0138) and B12 (p = 0.0024) compared to the NCF group, with both groups also differing in the frequency of butter (p = 0.0191) and fermented milk beverages (p = 0.0398) intake. Analysis restricted to women showed significant differences between groups in right arm %fat, VAT mass, calcium, vitamins B2, B12, butter and fermented milk products intake, while in men, differences were detected in the intake of calcium, iodine, vitamin B1, water and AGEs. In conclusion, subjects with NCF and MCI have comparable densitometric variables but differ significantly in some body composition parameters and the intake of some food groups and nutrients.

Keywords: body fat distribution; bone mineral content; bone mineral density; cognition; dietary habits; dietary intake.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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