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. 2024 Mar 5;24(1):142.
doi: 10.1186/s12872-024-03816-z.

Bioinformatics analysis of the microRNA genes associated with type 2 cardiorenal syndrome

Yani Zong  1   2 , Yuexin Hu  1   2 , Mengdi Zheng  1   2 , Zhi Wang  3   4   5
Affiliations

Bioinformatics analysis of the microRNA genes associated with type 2 cardiorenal syndrome

Yani Zong et al. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. .

Abstract

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulatory factors in the normal developmental stages of the heart and kidney. However, it is currently unclear how miRNA is expressed in type 2 cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). This study aimed to detect the differential expression of miRNAs and to clarify the main enrichment pathways of differentially expressed miRNA target genes in type 2 CRS.

Methods: Five cases of healthy control (Group 1), eight of chronic heart failure (CHF, Group 2) and seven of type 2 CRS (Group 3) were enrolled, respectively. Total RNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of each group. To predict the miRNA target genes and biological signalling pathways closely related to type 2 CRS, the Agilent miRNA microarray platform was used for miRNA profiling and bioinformatics analysis of the isolated total RNA samples.

Results: After the microarray analysis was done to screen for differentially expressed circulating miRNAs among the three different groups of samples, the target genes and bioinformatic pathways of the differential miRNAs were predicted. A total of 38 differential miRNAs (15 up- and 23 down-regulated) were found in Group 3 compared with Group 1, and a total of 42 differential miRNAs (11 up- and 31 down-regulated) were found in Group 3 compared to Group 2. According to the Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, the top 10 lists of molecular functions, cellular composition and biological processes, and the top 30 signalling pathways of predicted gene targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs were discriminated among the three groups.

Conclusion: Between the patients with CHF and type 2 CRS, miRNAs were differentially expressed. Prediction of target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs and the use of GO function and KEGG pathway analysis may reveal the molecular mechanisms of CRS. Circulating miRNAs may contribute to the diagnosis of CRS, and further and larger studies are needed to enhance the robustness of our findings.

Keywords: Bioinformatics; Cardiorenal syndrome; MicroRNAs.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no any conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of the current study. (CRS, cardiorenal syndrome; GO, Gene Ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Volcano map of differentially expressed miRNAs among the three groups. (up, up-regulated; down, down-regulated; Red and blue dots indicate up-regulated and down-regulated miRNAs, respectively.)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
GO enrichment analysis of differential genes between Group 3 and 1. (The Y-axis in the graph is the negative logarithm of p value, and the higher the height of the bar graph, the smaller the corresponding p value. Different colour distributions correspond to BP, CC, and MF.)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
GO enrichment analysis of differential genes between Group 3 and 2. (The Y-axis in the graph is the negative logarithm of p-value, and the higher the height of the bar graph, the smaller the corresponding p-value. Different colour distributions correspond to BP, CC, and MF.)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Top 30 most significantly up-regulated enriched KEGG signalling pathways between Group 3 and 2. (KEGG bubble chart is depicted, where the X-axis represents the enrichment degree, and the Y-axis denotes the enriched pathways. Larger dots on the graph indicate a higher number of genes in each pathway, with the colour of the bubbles transitioning from purple to blue, green, and finally red. A smaller enrichment p-value indicates greater significance.)
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Top 30 most significantly down-regulated enriched KEGG signalling pathways between Group 3 and 2. (KEGG bubble chart is depicted, where the X-axis represents the enrichment degree, and the Y-axis denotes the enriched pathways. Larger dots on the graph indicate a higher number of genes in each pathway, with the colour of the bubbles transitioning from purple to blue, green, and finally red. A smaller enrichment p-value indicates greater significance.)
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