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. 2024 Feb 8:12:1343329.
doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1343329. eCollection 2024.

Enhancing the inhibition of dental erosion and abrasion with quercetin-encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites

Jia-Min Chen #  1 , Yi-Ling Cheng #  1 , Meng-Hui Yang  1 , Chen Su  1 , Hao Yu  1   2   3   4
Affiliations

Enhancing the inhibition of dental erosion and abrasion with quercetin-encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites

Jia-Min Chen et al. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. .

Abstract

Introduction: Dental erosion and abrasion pose significant clinical challenges, often leading to exposed dentinal tubules and dentine demineralization. The aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of quercetin-encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites (Q@HMSNs) on the prevention of dentine erosion and abrasion. Method: Q@HMSNs were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their biocompatibility. A total of 130 dentine specimens (2 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm) were prepared and randomly distributed into 5 treatment groups (n = 26): DW (deionized water, negative control), NaF (12.3 mg/mL sodium fluoride, positive control), Q (300 μg/mL quercetin), HMSN (5.0 mg/mL HMSNs), and Q@HMSN (5.0 mg/mL Q@HMSNs). All groups were submitted to in vitro erosive (4 cycles/d) and abrasive (2 cycles/d) challenges for 7 days. The specimens in the DW, NaF, and Q groups were immersed in the respective solutions for 2 min, while treatment was performed for 30 s in the HMSN and Q@HMSN groups. Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to additional daily erosion/abrasion cycles for another 7 days. The effects of the materials on dentinal tubule occlusion and demineralized organic matrix (DOM) preservation were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The penetration depth of rhodamine B fluorescein into the etched dentine was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The erosive dentine loss (EDL) and release of type I collagen telopeptide (ICTP) were measured. The data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: Q@HMSNs were successfully synthesized and showed minimal toxicity to human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) and gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Q@HMSNs effectively occluded the dentinal tubules, resulting in a thicker DOM in the Q@HMSN group. The CLSM images showed more superficial penetration in the HMSN and Q@HMSN groups than in the quercetin, NaF, and DW groups. The Q@HMSN group exhibited a significantly lower EDL and reduced ICTP levels compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Q@HMSNs hold promise for inhibiting dentine erosion and abrasion by promoting tubule occlusion and DOM preservation.

Keywords: abrasion; demineralized organic matrix; erosion; hollow mesoporous silica; quercetin; tubule occlusion.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flow chart of the study.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
TEM images of (A,B) HMSNs and (C) quercetin-encapsulated HMSNs. HMSNs, hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Characterization of the HMSNs and Q@HMSNs. (A) Small-angle XRD, (B) FTIR spectra, (C) nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, (D) thermogravimetric analysis, (E) derivative thermogravimetric analysis, and (F) release profile of quercetin from the Q@HMSNs. HMSNs, hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites; Q@HMSNs, quercetin-encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
In vitro biocompatibility evaluation of the Q@HMSNs. (A) Results of the CCK-8 assay with human gingival fibroblasts at 1, 4, and 7 d *p < 0.05. (B) Results of the CCK-8 assay with human dental pulp stem cells at 1, 4, and 7 d *p < 0.05. (C) Calcein/PI live/dead fluorescence staining images of human gingival fibroblasts incubated with different concentrations of Q@HMSNs. (D) Calcein/PI live/dead fluorescence staining images of human dental pulp stem cells incubated with different concentrations of Q@HMSNs. The data are presented as means and standard deviations. Scale bar: 20 µm. HMSNs, hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites; Q@HMSNs, quercetin-encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Representative SEM images (×5,000 magnification) of specimens treated with the respective solutions immediately after 7 days of erosion and abrasion. (a1−e1) Corresponding surface-section SEM images of specimens. (a2−e2) Corresponding cross-section SEM images of specimens. (a1,a2) Specimens treated with deionized water. (b1,b2) Specimens treated with NaF. (c1,c2) Specimens treated with quercetin. (d1,d2) Specimens treated with HMSNs. (e1,e2) Specimens treated with Q@HMSNs. The images in d1, d2, e1, and e2 show that the dentine tubules were occluded by HMSNs and Q@HMSNs. HMSNs, hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites; Q@HMSNs, quercetin-encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Representative SEM images (×5,000 magnification) of specimens under continuous erosive and abrasive challenge for 14 d (a1−e1) Corresponding surface-section SEM images of specimens. (a2−e2) Corresponding cross-section SEM images of specimens. (a1,a2) Specimens treated with deionized water. (b1,b2) Specimens treated with NaF. (c1,c2) Specimens treated with quercetin. (d1,d2) Specimens treated with HMSNs once. (e1,e2) Specimens treated with Q@HMSNs once. The images in d1, d2, e1, and e2 show clear dentine tubule occlusion, and the images in e1 and e2 show a notably distinct and thick DOM surface. HMSNs, hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites; Q@HMSNs, quercetin-encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Confocal images of vertically sectioned specimens that were treated with the respective solutions after 14 days of erosion and abrasion. (A) Specimens treated with deionized water. (B) Specimens treated with NaF. (C) Specimens treated with quercetin. (D) Specimens treated with HMSNs. (E) Specimens treated with Q@HMSNs (magnification, ×40, scale bar: 20 µm). HMSNs, hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites; Q@HMSNs, quercetin-encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposites.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Means and standard deviations of the erosive dentine loss values in each group. Values marked with the same superscript letter were not significantly different (p > 0.05).
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Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research project was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2023J01714 and 2022J01269) and the Startup Fund for Scientific Research, Fujian Medical University (2020QH1135).

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