Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Biomarkers of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Overview
- PMID: 38398011
- PMCID: PMC10886732
- DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020410
Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Biomarkers of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Overview
Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth exploration of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy (PTE), a complex neurological disorder following traumatic brain injury (TBI), characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. With TBI being a global health concern, understanding PTE is crucial for effective diagnosis, management, and prognosis. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, and emerging biomarkers of PTE, thereby informing clinical practice and guiding future research. The epidemiological aspect of the study reveals PTE as a significant contributor to acquired epilepsies, with varying incidence influenced by injury severity, age, and intracranial pathologies. The paper delves into the multifactorial nature of PTE risk factors, encompassing clinical, demographic, and genetic elements. Key insights include the association of injury severity, intracranial hemorrhages, and early seizures with increased PTE risk, and the roles of age, gender, and genetic predispositions. Advancements in neuroimaging, electroencephalography, and molecular biology are presented, highlighting their roles in identifying potential PTE biomarkers. These biomarkers, ranging from radiological signs to electroencephalography EEG patterns and molecular indicators, hold promise for enhancing PTE pathogenesis understanding, early diagnosis, and therapeutic guidance. The paper also discusses the critical roles of astrocytes and microglia in PTE, emphasizing the significance of neuroinflammation in PTE development. The insights from this review suggest potential therapeutic targets in neuroinflammation pathways. In conclusion, this paper synthesizes current knowledge in the field, emphasizing the need for continued research and a multidisciplinary approach to effectively manage PTE. Future research directions include longitudinal studies for a better understanding of TBI and PTE outcomes, and the development of targeted interventions based on individualized risk profiles. This research contributes significantly to the broader understanding of epilepsy and TBI.
Keywords: biomarkers in epilepsy; neuroimaging; neuroinflammation; post-traumatic epilepsy; risk factors for PTE; traumatic brain injury.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Similar articles
-
Insights into epileptogenesis from post-traumatic epilepsy.Nat Rev Neurol. 2024 May;20(5):298-312. doi: 10.1038/s41582-024-00954-y. Epub 2024 Apr 3. Nat Rev Neurol. 2024. PMID: 38570704 Review.
-
Acute physiologic prediction of pediatric post-traumatic epilepsy.Epilepsy Res. 2022 Jul;183:106935. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.106935. Epub 2022 Apr 27. Epilepsy Res. 2022. PMID: 35526326
-
Post-Traumatic Epilepsy and Comorbidities: Advanced Models, Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Novel Therapeutic Interventions.Pharmacol Rev. 2022 Apr;74(2):387-438. doi: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000375. Pharmacol Rev. 2022. PMID: 35302046 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Contusion brain damage in mice for modelling of post-traumatic epilepsy with contralateral hippocampus sclerosis: Comprehensive and longitudinal characterization of spontaneous seizures, neuropathology, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities.Exp Neurol. 2022 Feb;348:113946. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113946. Epub 2021 Dec 10. Exp Neurol. 2022. PMID: 34896334
-
Post-traumatic epilepsy: an overview.Therapy. 2010 Sep;7(5):527-531. doi: 10.2217/THY.10.57. Therapy. 2010. PMID: 24761136 Free PMC article.
References
Publication types
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources