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. 2024 Feb 15;12(1):78.
doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-01564-5.

Early maladaptive schema, attachment style, and parenting style in a clinical population with personality disorder and normal individuals: a discriminant analysis model

Maryam Emami  1 , Maryam Moghadasin  2 , Haniye Mastour  3 , Afshin Tayebi  4
Affiliations

Early maladaptive schema, attachment style, and parenting style in a clinical population with personality disorder and normal individuals: a discriminant analysis model

Maryam Emami et al. BMC Psychol. .

Abstract

Introduction: Researchers have shown various variables' role in forming personality disorders (PD). This study aimed to assess the role of early maladaptive schema (EMS), attachment style (AS), and parenting style (PS) in discriminating between personality disorders and normal individuals.

Methods: In this study, 78 personality disorder patients and 360 healthy volunteers aged 18-84 were selected using convenience sampling. They completed the Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (SQ-SF), Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), and Baumrind's Parenting Styles Questionnaire (PSI). Data were analyzed using discriminant analysis with IBM SPSS 25.

Results: The results showed higher mean scores in all early maladaptive schema domains, insecure attachment styles, and authoritarian parenting in the personality disorder group than in the normal group. Also, discriminant analyses revealed that the function was statistically significant and could distinguish between the two groups and a compound of essential variables, disconnection, impaired autonomy, and secure attachment, respectively, discriminating two groups. Given that all components were able to distinguish between the two groups.

Conclusion: Therefore, intervention based on these factors early in life may help reduce the characteristics of personality disorders. Also, considering the role of these factors, treatment protocols can be prepared.

Keywords: Attachment style; Early maladaptive schema; Parenting style; Personality disorders.

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Conflict of interest statement

There is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The plot of the discriminant function for NR and PD groups
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