Plantar Fasciitis: An Updated Review
- PMID: 38264606
- PMCID: PMC10802877
- DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_2_23
Plantar Fasciitis: An Updated Review
Abstract
Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common musculoskeletal disease. Histologic findings of patients with PF showed mainly chronic degenerative processes rather than inflammation. In addition to mechanical factors, such as repetitive stress and reduced ankle dorsiflexion, PF is also linked to rheumatologic diseases and genetic factors. Ultrasound is becoming a standard imaging technique for assessing PF. Major sonographic findings included increased plantar fascia thickness and hypoechoic plantar fascia. In addition to traditional B-mode ultrasound, sonoelastography can also be utilized to diagnose PF. Ultrasound can also be used to guide therapeutic interventions. Over 80% of patients with PF improved under nonsurgical treatment. Treatment options for PF include physical therapy, modalities (laser, therapeutic ultrasound), extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), injections, transcatheter arterial embolization, and surgery. For injections, corticosteroid was mostly used in the past but has been replaced gradually by other techniques such as platelet-rich plasma or dextrose prolotherapy. There is also more and more evidence about ESWT in treating PF. Surgery serves as an option for recalcitrant PF cases, and endoscopic fasciotomy seemed to have good outcomes. Ultrasound plays an important role in diagnosing of PF and evaluating the treatment effect, and the use of sonoelastography in addition to traditional B-mode ultrasound may help in the early detection of PF and assessment of the treatment effect.
Keywords: Dextrose prolotherapy; extracorporeal shock wave therapy; plantar fasciitis; platelet-rich plasma; sonoelastography; ultrasound.
Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Medical Ultrasound.
Conflict of interest statement
Prof. Wen-Shiang Chen, an editor at Journal of Medical Ultrasound, had no role in the peer review process of or decision to publish this article. The other authors declared no conflicts of interest in writing this paper.
Figures
Similar articles
-
Dextrose prolotherapy versus radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis: A randomized, controlled clinical trial.Foot Ankle Surg. 2021 Aug;27(6):643-649. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2020.08.008. Epub 2020 Aug 25. Foot Ankle Surg. 2021. PMID: 32919897 Clinical Trial.
-
Sonoelastographic evaluation of plantar fascia after shock wave therapy for recalcitrant plantar fasciitis: A 12-month longitudinal follow-up study.Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 13;10(1):2571. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59464-8. Sci Rep. 2020. PMID: 32054959 Free PMC article.
-
An assessment of plantar fascia with ultrasound findings in patients with plantar fasciitis: a systematic review.J Ultrasound. 2023 Mar;26(1):13-38. doi: 10.1007/s40477-022-00712-0. Epub 2022 Aug 30. J Ultrasound. 2023. PMID: 36040577 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Effectiveness of dextrose prolotherapy for the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.PM R. 2023 Mar;15(3):380-391. doi: 10.1002/pmrj.12807. Epub 2022 Jul 11. PM R. 2023. PMID: 35338597 Review.
-
Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Prolotherapy Versus Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.J Foot Ankle Surg. 2022 Jan-Feb;61(1):48-52. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2021.06.007. Epub 2021 Jun 19. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2022. PMID: 34266721 Clinical Trial.
References
-
- Buchanan BK, Kushner D. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls PublishingCopyright ©, StatPearls Publishing LLC; 2022. Plantar fasciitis. - PubMed
-
- Dunn JE, Link CL, Felson DT, Crincoli MG, Keysor JJ, McKinlay JB. Prevalence of foot and ankle conditions in a multiethnic community sample of older adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159:491–8. - PubMed
Publication types
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Miscellaneous