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. 2024 Sep;202(9):3932-3944.
doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03993-6. Epub 2023 Dec 5.

Dietary Potassium and Magnesium Intake with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Rural China: the Henan Rural Cohort Study

Jia Li  1 , Yuqian Li  2 , Chongjian Wang  1 , Zhenxing Mao  1 , Tianyu Yang  1 , Yan Li  1 , Wenguo Xing  1 , Zhuoyang Li  1 , Jiaoyan Zhao  1 , Linlin Li  3
Affiliations

Dietary Potassium and Magnesium Intake with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Rural China: the Henan Rural Cohort Study

Jia Li et al. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Sep.

Abstract

Previous studies exploring the relationship between dietary potassium and magnesium intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have yielded inconsistent results and the lack evidence from rural China. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary potassium and magnesium intake and the risk of T2DM in rural China. Data was collected from the Henan Rural Cohort Study in 2017. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire assessed dietary potassium and magnesium intake. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the effect of dietary potassium, magnesium and the potassium-magnesium ratio on the risk of T2DM. A total of 38384 individuals were included in the study, and 3616 participants developed T2DM. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the OR (95% CI) of the highest versus dietary potassium and magnesium and potassium-magnesium ratio intakes were 0.67 (0.59, 0.75), 0.76 (0.67, 0.88), and 0.57 (0.50, 0.66), respectively, compared to the subjects with the lowest quartile of intakes. In addition, gender partially influences the relationship between dietary magnesium and T2DM prevalence (P-interaction = 0.042). The group with the highest dietary potassium and dietary magnesium intake had the lowest risk of T2DM, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.63 (0.51-0.77). Dietary potassium and magnesium intake are important modifiable risk factors for T2DM in rural China. Dietary potassium intake > 1.8g/day, dietary magnesium intake > 358.6mg/day and < 414.7mg/day and potassium-magnesium ratio >5.1 should be encouraged to prevent better and manage T2DM.

Keywords: Dietary intake; Magnesium; Potassium; Rural population; Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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