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Review
. 2023 Aug 29;13(9):1830.
doi: 10.3390/life13091830.

Comprehensive Overview of the Effects of Amaranthus and Abelmoschus esculentus on Markers of Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus

Wendy N Phoswa  1 , Kabelo Mokgalaboni  1
Affiliations
Review

Comprehensive Overview of the Effects of Amaranthus and Abelmoschus esculentus on Markers of Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus

Wendy N Phoswa et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

The use of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) is extensively reported. However, there is still very limited information on the role of these plants as markers of oxidative stress in DM. This current review evaluated the effect of Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus hybridus, and Abelmoschus esculentus on markers of oxidative stress in rodent models of DM. Current findings indicate that these plants have the potential to reduce prominent markers of oxidative stress, such as serum malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, while increasing enzymes that act as antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. This may reduce reactive oxygen species and further ameliorate oxidative stress in DM. Although the potential benefits of these plants are acknowledged in rodent models, there is still a lack of evidence showing their efficacy against oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Therefore, we recommend future clinical studies in DM populations, particularly in Africa, to evaluate the potential effects of these plants. Such studies would contribute to enhancing our understanding of the significance of incorporating these plants into dietary practices for the prevention and management of DM.

Keywords: Abelmoschus esculentus; Amaranthus; antioxidants; diabetes mellitus; oxidative stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Some of the active compounds present in Amaranthus.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Overview showing the impact of Amaranthus on oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Administration of Amaranthus in diabetic rats ameliorates oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehydes and thiobarbituric acid while increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. (https://www.seeds-gallery.eu/9135-large_default/amaranth-red-garnet-seeds-Amaranthus-tricolor.jpg (accessed on 25 July 2023), https://specialtyproduce.com/produce/Green_Amaranth_12831.php (accessed on 25 July 2023).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Active compounds found in the Abelmoschus esculentus plant. (A) protocatechuic acid, (B,C) catechin, (D) quercetin, (E) vitamin C, (F) rutin.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Potential mode of action of Abelmoschus esculentus in rodent models of diabetes. In a nutshell, oral administration of Abelmoschus esculentus ameliorates oxidative stress in rodent models of diabetes induced by either alloxan monohydrate or a high-fat diet coupled with streptozotocin. ROS: reactive oxygen species (https://prove.es/en/unknown-but-really-healthy-vegetable-called-okra/ (accessed on 25 July 2023)).
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