Nutritional Status and Metabolism in Celiac Disease: Narrative Review
- PMID: 37568509
- PMCID: PMC10419423
- DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155107
Nutritional Status and Metabolism in Celiac Disease: Narrative Review
Abstract
This review summarizes findings from studies assessing the nutritional status of patients with celiac disease (CD). Malnutrition, including over- and undernutrition, may be present in CD, both at diagnosis and while under treatment. Underweight and growth retardation in children, which mostly reflect malabsorption as a consequence of intestinal inflammation, are not a rule. Clinical presentations of CD can vary widely, and each manifestation has its own characteristics. Evaluating various nutritional parameters can be beneficial for CD patients and may improve health outcomes by facilitating an accurate definition of dietary needs and the development of a balanced diet that not only focuses on eliminating gluten but also provides adequate nutrients, alters metabolism, and reduces the risk of other disorders developing. The cornerstone of CD therapy is a gluten-free diet (GFD), which improves nutritional status, but even on a GFD, features of malnutrition may be present. Additionally, overweight and obesity may occur in patients on a GFD, with typical metabolic consequences.
Keywords: celiac disease; gluten-free diet; malnutrition; metabolism; nutrients.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Similar articles
-
Celiac disease and the gluten-free diet: consequences and recommendations for improvement.Dig Dis. 2015;33(2):175-182. doi: 10.1159/000369504. Epub 2015 Apr 22. Dig Dis. 2015. PMID: 25925920 Review.
-
An Evaluation of Nutritional Status and Problems with Dietary Compliance in Polish Patients with Celiac Disease.Nutrients. 2022 Jun 22;14(13):2581. doi: 10.3390/nu14132581. Nutrients. 2022. PMID: 35807762 Free PMC article.
-
Nutritional profile of adult patients with celiac disease.Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015 Nov;19(22):4285-92. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015. PMID: 26636515 Review.
-
Micronutrient deficiencies are frequent in adult patients with and without celiac disease on a gluten-free diet, regardless of duration and adherence to the diet.Nutrition. 2022 Nov-Dec;103-104:111809. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111809. Epub 2022 Jul 30. Nutrition. 2022. PMID: 36096056
-
Celiac disease: understanding the gluten-free diet.Eur J Nutr. 2017 Mar;56(2):449-459. doi: 10.1007/s00394-016-1238-5. Epub 2016 Jun 22. Eur J Nutr. 2017. PMID: 27334430 Review.
Cited by
-
The Gluten-Free Diet for Celiac Disease: Critical Insights to Better Understand Clinical Outcomes.Nutrients. 2023 Sep 16;15(18):4013. doi: 10.3390/nu15184013. Nutrients. 2023. PMID: 37764795 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Al-Toma A., Volta U., Auricchio R., Castillejo G., Sanders D.S., Cellier C., Mulder C.J., Lundin K.E.A. European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders. United Eur. Gastroenterol. J. 2019;7:583–613. doi: 10.1177/2050640619844125. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Publication types
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources