Metabolic Adaptations to Morning Versus Afternoon Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- PMID: 37458979
- DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01879-0
Metabolic Adaptations to Morning Versus Afternoon Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Abstract
Background: Some physiological responses such as circulating glucose as well as muscle performance show a circadian rhythmicity. In the present study we aimed to quantitatively synthesize the data comparing the metabolic adaptations induced by morning and afternoon training.
Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies comparing the metabolic adaptations (> 2 weeks) between morning and afternoon training. A meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models with DerSimonian-Laird methods for fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbAc1), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
Results: We identified 9 studies with 11 different populations (n = 450 participants). We found that afternoon exercise was more effective at reducing circulating triglycerides [standardized mean difference (SMD) - 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.616 to - 0.025] than morning training. Moreover, afternoon tended to decrease fasting blood glucose (SMD - 0.24; 95% CI - 0.478 to 0.004) to a greater extent than morning training.
Conclusion: Metabolic adaptations to exercise may be dependent on the time of day. Morning training does not show superior effects to afternoon exercise in any of the analyzed outcomes. However, afternoon training is more effective at reducing circulating triglyceride levels and perhaps at reducing fasting blood glucose than morning training. The study was preregistered at PROSPERO (CRD42021287860).
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Similar articles
-
Effects of catheter-based renal denervation on glycemic control and lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta Diabetol. 2021 May;58(5):603-614. doi: 10.1007/s00592-020-01659-6. Epub 2021 Jan 18. Acta Diabetol. 2021. PMID: 33459896
-
Late-afternoon endurance exercise is more effective than morning endurance exercise at improving 24-h glucose and blood lipid levels.Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Jul 19;13:957239. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.957239. eCollection 2022. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022. PMID: 35928886 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
The effects of probiotic administration on patients with prediabetes: a meta-analysis and systematic review.J Transl Med. 2022 Nov 2;20(1):498. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03695-y. J Transl Med. 2022. PMID: 36324119 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Exercise training elicits superior metabolic effects when performed in the afternoon compared to morning in metabolically compromised humans.Physiol Rep. 2021 Jan;8(24):e14669. doi: 10.14814/phy2.14669. Physiol Rep. 2021. PMID: 33356015 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Impact of walnut consumption on cardio metabolic and anthropometric parameters in metabolic syndrome patients: GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of data from randomized controlled trials.Pharmacol Res. 2022 Apr;178:106190. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106190. Epub 2022 Mar 23. Pharmacol Res. 2022. PMID: 35338001 Review.
Cited by
-
The role of muscle disuse in muscular and cardiovascular fitness: A systematic review and meta-regression.Eur J Sport Sci. 2024 Jun;24(6):812-823. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.12093. Epub 2024 Mar 18. Eur J Sport Sci. 2024. PMID: 38874988 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Timing of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity, Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Microvascular Disease in Adults With Obesity.Diabetes Care. 2024 May 1;47(5):890-897. doi: 10.2337/dc23-2448. Diabetes Care. 2024. PMID: 38592034 Free PMC article.
-
Association between circadian physical activity trajectories and incident type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank.Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 18;14(1):6459. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57082-2. Sci Rep. 2024. PMID: 38499679 Free PMC article.
References
11. References
-
- Qian J, Scheer FAJL. Circadian system and glucose metabolism: implications for physiology and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2016.03.005 . - DOI - PubMed - PMC
-
- Degaute JP, van de Borne P, Linkowski P, Van Cauter E. Quantitative analysis of the 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate patterns in young men. Hypertension. 1991. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.18.2.199 . - DOI - PubMed
-
- Bailey SL, Heitkemper MM. Circadian rhythmicity of cortisol and body temperature: morningness–eveningness effects. Chronobiol Int. 2001. https://doi.org/10.1081/cbi-100103189 . - DOI - PubMed
-
- Boudreau P, Yeh WH, Dumont GA, Boivin DB. A circadian rhythm in heart rate variability contributes to the increased cardiac sympathovagal response to awakening in the morning. Chronobiol Int. 2012. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2012.674592 . - DOI - PubMed
-
- Kennaway DJ, Owens JA, Voultsios A, Boden MJ, Varcoe TJ. Metabolic homeostasis in mice with disrupted Clock gene expression in peripheral tissues. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00018.2007 . - DOI - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical