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Review
. 2023 Apr 25;5(8):100781.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100781. eCollection 2023 Aug.

Optimal treatment for small HCC (<3 cm): Resection, liver transplantation, or locoregional therapy?

Xiao Wu  1 , Ryan Peter Lokken  1 , Neil Mehta  2
Affiliations
Review

Optimal treatment for small HCC (<3 cm): Resection, liver transplantation, or locoregional therapy?

Xiao Wu et al. JHEP Rep. .

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the most common form of liver cancer, accounting for 90% of all primary liver cancers. Up to 30% of HCC cases could be small (2-3 cm in diameter) at the time of diagnosis with advances in imaging techniques and surveillance programmes. Treating patients with early-stage HCC can be complex and often requires interdisciplinary care, owing to the wide and increasing variety of treatment options, which include liver resection, liver transplantation, and various locoregional therapies offered by interventional radiology and radiation oncology. Decisions regarding the optimal management strategy for a patient involve many considerations, including patient- and tumour-specific characteristics, as well as socioeconomic factors. In this review, we aim to comprehensively summarise the commonly used therapies for single, small HCC (<3 cm), with a focus on the impact of tumour size (<2 cm vs. 2-3 cm), as well as a brief discussion on the cost-effectiveness of the different treatment options.

Keywords: Liver transplantation; Locoreginoal therapy; Resection; Small hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest that pertain to this work. Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A summary of current national and international guidelines on the treatment of single, small HCC (<3 cm). AASLD, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; APASL, Asia Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; EASL, European Association for the Study of the Liver; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; LR, liver resection; LT, liver transplantation; RFA, radiofrequency ablation; TACE, transarterial chemoembolisation; TARE, transarterial radioembolisation.
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