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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2023 Dec;20(1):2206386.
doi: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2206386.

The effects of L-Citrulline and Glutathione on Endurance performance in young adult trained males

Hannah E Cabre  1   2 , Casey E Greenwalt  1 , Lacey M Gould  1 , Abbie E Smith-Ryan  1   2
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

The effects of L-Citrulline and Glutathione on Endurance performance in young adult trained males

Hannah E Cabre et al. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2023 Dec.

Abstract

Background: Citrulline may amplify the effects of L-arginine and nitric oxide concentration, which may augment vasodilation and blood flow, thereby enhancing aerobic exercise performance. The purpose of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study was to investigate effects of L-citrulline + Glutathione on aerobic exercise performance and blood flow in well-trained men.

Methods: Twenty-five males (Mean ± SD; Age: 22.2 ± 2.4 yrs; Height: 177.0 ± 4.8 cm; Weight: 75.3 ± 6.9 kg) were randomly assigned to the L-citrulline + Glutathione (Setria Performance Blend: SPB; L-citrulline [2 g] + glutathione [200 mg], 6 capsules) or placebo (PL; 3.1 g cellulose, 6 capsules) group. Participants performed a maximal oxygen consumption treadmill test to determine peak velocity (PV) and returned after eight days of ingesting either PL or SPB. Three timed treadmill runs to exhaustion (TTE) were performed at 90%, 100%, and 110% PV. Brachial artery blood flow and vessel diameter were assessed using ultrasound at 1-hr prior to exercise (1hrPrEX), after each exercise bout, immediately post-exercise (immediate PEX), and 30 minutes post exercise (30minPEX) at visits 2 and 4. Blood analytes were assessed via venous blood draws at visit 1, visit 3, and 1hrPEX, immediate PEX, and 30minPEX at visits 2 and 4. After a 14-day washout, participants repeated the same procedures, ingesting the opposite treatment. Separate repeated measures ANOVAs were performed for TTE, vessel diameter, blood flow, and blood analytes.

Results: Blood flow was significantly augmented 30minPEX (p = 0.04) with SPB in comparison with PL. L-citrulline and L-arginine plasma concentrations were significantly elevated immediately PEX (p = 0.001) and 30-minPEX (p = 0.001) following SPB in comparison to PL.

Conclusion: Acute ingestion of SPB after eight days may enhance blood flow, L-citrulline, and L-arginine plasma concentrations after high-intensity exercise, which may enhance performance.

Clinical trial registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/nct04090138], identifier [NCT04090138].

Keywords: Blood flow; critical velocity; dietary supplement; running performance; vasodilation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest. AS-R designed the study. HC, CG, LG, and AS-R collected the data and contributed to manuscript preparation. HC and AS-R analyzed and interpreted the data. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
CONSORT recruitment. The five individuals who were active in the study during the mandatory stay at home orders issued in March 2019 in response to COVID-19 were stopped due to the university halt in research, not due to illness.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Experimental Design Figure [1hrPrEX- 1 hour prior to exercise; *time to exhaustion order was randomized per participant].
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Individual responses and mean for vessel diameter (A-C) responses for compliant participants (n = 23). The lines represent the differences between SPB and PL per participant. The gray bars represent treatment mean with average standard deviation.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Mean ± standard deviation for blood flow across time points for compliant participants. *Indicates statistical significance between time points.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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