Measurement invariance in the social sciences: Historical development, methodological challenges, state of the art, and future perspectives

Affiliations

¹ University of Leipzig, Germany; University of Frankfurt, Germany. Electronic address: heinz.leitgoeb@uni-leipzig.de.
² University of Cologne, Germany; University of Münster, Germany.
³ Mplus, USA.
⁴ GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany.
⁵ University of Cologne, Germany; University of Zurich and URPP Social Networks, Switzerland.
⁶ Tilburg University, the Netherlands; KU Leuven, Belgium.
⁷ University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁸ Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
⁹ Technische Universitaet Dresden, Germany.
¹⁰ Mplus, USA; University of California, USA.
¹¹ University of Waterloo, Canada.
¹² University of Giessen, Germany; University of Mainz, Germany.

PMID: 36796989
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102805

Review

Measurement invariance in the social sciences: Historical development, methodological challenges, state of the art, and future perspectives

Heinz Leitgöb et al. Soc Sci Res. 2023 Feb.

. 2023 Feb:110:102805.

doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102805. Epub 2022 Oct 31.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ University of Leipzig, Germany; University of Frankfurt, Germany. Electronic address: heinz.leitgoeb@uni-leipzig.de.
² University of Cologne, Germany; University of Münster, Germany.
³ Mplus, USA.
⁴ GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Germany.
⁵ University of Cologne, Germany; University of Zurich and URPP Social Networks, Switzerland.
⁶ Tilburg University, the Netherlands; KU Leuven, Belgium.
⁷ University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁸ Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
⁹ Technische Universitaet Dresden, Germany.
¹⁰ Mplus, USA; University of California, USA.
¹¹ University of Waterloo, Canada.
¹² University of Giessen, Germany; University of Mainz, Germany.

PMID: 36796989
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102805

Abstract

This review summarizes the current state of the art of statistical and (survey) methodological research on measurement (non)invariance, which is considered a core challenge for the comparative social sciences. After outlining the historical roots, conceptual details, and standard procedures for measurement invariance testing, the paper focuses in particular on the statistical developments that have been achieved in the last 10 years. These include Bayesian approximate measurement invariance, the alignment method, measurement invariance testing within the multilevel modeling framework, mixture multigroup factor analysis, the measurement invariance explorer, and the response shift-true change decomposition approach. Furthermore, the contribution of survey methodological research to the construction of invariant measurement instruments is explicitly addressed and highlighted, including the issues of design decisions, pretesting, scale adoption, and translation. The paper ends with an outlook on future research perspectives.

Keywords: Comparative research; Item bias; Measurement invariance; Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis; Noninvariance detection; Scale construction.

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Measurement invariance in the social sciences: Historical development, methodological challenges, state of the art, and future perspectives

Affiliations

Measurement invariance in the social sciences: Historical development, methodological challenges, state of the art, and future perspectives

Authors

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