Phytoremediation technologies and their mechanism for removal of heavy metal from contaminated soil: An approach for a sustainable environment
- PMID: 36778693
- PMCID: PMC9911669
- DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1076876
Phytoremediation technologies and their mechanism for removal of heavy metal from contaminated soil: An approach for a sustainable environment
Abstract
The contamination of soils with heavy metals and its associated hazardous effects are a thrust area of today's research. Rapid industrialization, emissions from automobiles, agricultural inputs, improper disposal of waste, etc., are the major causes of soil contamination with heavy metals. These contaminants not only contaminate soil but also groundwater, reducing agricultural land and hence food quality. These contaminants enter the food chain and have a severe effect on human health. It is important to remove these contaminants from the soil. Various economic and ecological strategies are required to restore the soils contaminated with heavy metals. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that is non-invasive, cost-effective, and aesthetically pleasing. Many metal-binding proteins (MBPs) of the plants are significantly involved in the phytoremediation of heavy metals; the MBPs include metallothioneins; phytochelatins; metalloenzymes; metal-activated enzymes; and many metal storage proteins, carrier proteins, and channel proteins. Plants are genetically modified to enhance their phytoremediation capacity. In Arabidopsis, the expression of the mercuric ion-binding protein in Bacillus megaterium improves the metal accumulation capacity. The phytoremediation efficiency of plants is also enhanced when assisted with microorganisms, biochar, and/or chemicals. Removing heavy metals from agricultural land without challenging food security is almost impossible. As a result, crop selections with the ability to sequester heavy metals and provide food security are in high demand. This paper summarizes the role of plant proteins and plant-microbe interaction in remediating soils contaminated with heavy metals. Biotechnological approaches or genetic engineering can also be used to tackle the problem of heavy metal contamination.
Keywords: crops; heavy metals; metal-binding proteins; phytoextraction; phytoremediation; soil contamination.
Copyright © 2023 Sharma, Kumar, Singh and Santal.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Figures
Similar articles
-
Omics approaches in effective selection and generation of potential plants for phytoremediation of heavy metal from contaminated resources.J Environ Manage. 2023 Jun 15;336:117730. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117730. Epub 2023 Mar 14. J Environ Manage. 2023. PMID: 36921476 Review.
-
Technologies for removing heavy metal from contaminated soils on farmland: A review.Chemosphere. 2022 Oct;305:135457. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135457. Epub 2022 Jun 23. Chemosphere. 2022. PMID: 35753427 Review.
-
Phytoremediation of heavy metals in soil and water: An eco-friendly, sustainable and multidisciplinary approach.Chemosphere. 2022 Sep;303(Pt 1):134788. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134788. Epub 2022 Apr 30. Chemosphere. 2022. PMID: 35504464 Review.
-
Phytoremediation technology and food security impacts of heavy metal contaminated soils: A review of literature.Chemosphere. 2022 Feb;288(Pt 2):132555. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132555. Epub 2021 Oct 12. Chemosphere. 2022. PMID: 34653492 Review.
-
Phytoremediation: Environmentally sustainable way for reclamation of heavy metal polluted soils.Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Jun 15;174:714-727. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.068. Epub 2019 Mar 14. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019. PMID: 30878808 Review.
Cited by
-
Exploring the synergistic effects of indole acetic acid (IAA) and compost in the phytostabilization of nickel (Ni) in cauliflower rhizosphere.BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Apr 11;24(1):275. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-04920-0. BMC Plant Biol. 2024. PMID: 38605329 Free PMC article.
-
Heavy metals/-metalloids (As) phytoremediation with Landoltia punctata and Lemna sp. (duckweeds): coupling with biorefinery prospects for sustainable phytotechnologies.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Mar;31(11):16216-16240. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-32177-5. Epub 2024 Feb 9. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024. PMID: 38334920 Review.
-
Technological and economic analysis of electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soil: A global perspective and its application in Indian scenario.Heliyon. 2024 Jan 11;10(2):e24293. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24293. eCollection 2024 Jan 30. Heliyon. 2024. PMID: 38304840 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Current Status of Biotechnological Approaches to Enhance the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in India-A Review.Plants (Basel). 2023 Nov 9;12(22):3816. doi: 10.3390/plants12223816. Plants (Basel). 2023. PMID: 38005713 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Phytoremediation of Lead-Contaminated Soil in the Westside of Atlanta, GA.Geohealth. 2023 Aug 25;7(8):e2022GH000752. doi: 10.1029/2022GH000752. eCollection 2023 Aug. Geohealth. 2023. PMID: 37637997 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Ahlfeld D. P., Heidari M. (1994). Applications of optimal hydraulic control to ground-water systems. J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 120, 350–365. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1994)120:3(350) - DOI
-
- Andráš P., Turisová I., Buccheri G., de Matos J. M. X., Dirner V. (2016). Comparison of heavy-metal bioaccumulation properties in pinus sp. and quercus sp. in selected European Cu deposits. Web Ecol. 16, 81–87. doi: 10.5194/we-16-81-2016 - DOI
Publication types
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Research Materials