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. 2022 Dec 19;19(24):17065.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph192417065.

Analysis of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Psychophysiological Variables in Basketball Athletes

Marina Pavão Battaglini  1   2 , Dalton Müller Pessôa Filho  2   3 , Sandra Leal Calais  1   2 , Maria Cristina Oliveira Santos Miyazaki  4 , Cassiano Merussi Neiva  2   3   5 , Mário C Espada  6   7 , Mayra Grava de Moraes  1   2 , Carlos Eduardo Lopes Verardi  1   2
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Analysis of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Psychophysiological Variables in Basketball Athletes

Marina Pavão Battaglini et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a progressive muscle relaxation program on psychological (stress levels, anxiety, and mood states) and physiological (blood pressure and heart rate) variables in basketball athletes. Fifty-nine basketball players, aged 14 to 19 years, and members of Bauru Basket team, were recruited for this study and grouped into control group (CG, n = 30) and intervention group (IG, n = 29). The participants were evaluated, before and after the intervention, by the following means: Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), to measure the pre-competitive anxiety state, i.e., how anxious each athlete felt just before the competition; Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), an instrument for early detection of overtraining syndrome; Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport), to identify the extent to which each athlete was physically or mentally stressed and the athlete's current capability for recovery; Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), specifically developed for athletes. The IG athletes participated in 12 progressive muscle relaxation sessions, a practice for tensing or tightening a specific muscle until an ideal state of relaxation is reached. Each participant had blood pressure and heart rate measured before and after every session. The CG athletes were evaluated similarly to those in the IG but without relaxation. The results showed statistically significant differences in cognitive anxiety (p = 0.039) and specific stress (p = 0.016) between CG and IG before the intervention; in addition, a significant heart rate decrease (p < 0.01) between IG and CG was noted.

Keywords: anxiety; athletes; blood pressure; heart hate; mood states; progressive muscle relaxation; stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Grants and funding

This research was funded by Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., Grant/Award Number UIDB/04748/2020 and Instituto Polit��cnico de Setúbal and Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV) of Leiria, Portugal.

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