Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 (IGF-2) in Fibrosis
- PMID: 36358907
- PMCID: PMC9687531
- DOI: 10.3390/biom12111557
Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 (IGF-2) in Fibrosis
Abstract
The insulin family consists of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), their receptors (IR, IGF-1R and IGF-2R), and their binding proteins. All three ligands are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, protein synthesis and metabolism due to their homologous sequences and structural similarities. Insulin-like growth factor 2, a member of the insulin family, plays an important role in embryonic development, metabolic disorders, and tumorigenesis by combining with three receptors with different degrees of affinity. The main pathological feature of various fibrotic diseases is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) after tissue and organ damage, which eventually results in organic dysfunction because scar formation replaces tissue parenchyma. As a mitogenic factor, IGF-2 is overexpressed in many fibrotic diseases. It can promote the proliferation of fibroblasts significantly, as well as the production of ECM in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This review aims to describe the expression changes and fibrosis-promoting effects of IGF-2 in the skin, oral cavity, heart, lung, liver, and kidney fibrotic tissues.
Keywords: IGF-1R; IR; extracellular matrix (ECM); fibrosis; insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2).
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Figures
Similar articles
-
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Pathway and the Thyroid.Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Jun 4;12:653627. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.653627. eCollection 2021. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021. PMID: 34149612 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II- mediated fibrosis in pathogenic lung conditions.PLoS One. 2019 Nov 25;14(11):e0225422. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225422. eCollection 2019. PLoS One. 2019. PMID: 31765403 Free PMC article.
-
Insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) signaling systems: novel treatment strategies for cancer.Med Oncol. 2014 Jan;31(1):805. doi: 10.1007/s12032-013-0805-3. Epub 2013 Dec 14. Med Oncol. 2014. PMID: 24338270 Review.
-
Isolated compared to membrane-bound receptors exhibit altered insulin/IGF interaction.Biochemistry (Mosc). 2009 Jan;74(1):29-35. doi: 10.1134/s0006297909010040. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2009. PMID: 19232045
-
Insulin receptor isoform A, a newly recognized, high-affinity insulin-like growth factor II receptor in fetal and cancer cells.Mol Cell Biol. 1999 May;19(5):3278-88. doi: 10.1128/MCB.19.5.3278. Mol Cell Biol. 1999. PMID: 10207053 Free PMC article.
Cited by
-
IGF-1 and IGF-2 as Molecules Linked to Causes and Consequences of Obesity from Fetal Life to Adulthood: A Systematic Review.Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Apr 2;25(7):3966. doi: 10.3390/ijms25073966. Int J Mol Sci. 2024. PMID: 38612776 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Endogenous stimuli-responsive separating microneedles to inhibit hypertrophic scar through remodeling the pathological microenvironment.Nat Commun. 2024 Mar 6;15(1):2038. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46328-2. Nat Commun. 2024. PMID: 38448448 Free PMC article.
-
Insulin Resistance: The Increased Risk of Cancers.Curr Oncol. 2024 Feb 13;31(2):998-1027. doi: 10.3390/curroncol31020075. Curr Oncol. 2024. PMID: 38392069 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Genetic and Epigenetic Factors in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pathology.Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Nov 22;24(23):16619. doi: 10.3390/ijms242316619. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. PMID: 38068941 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Machine learning and single-cell transcriptome profiling reveal regulation of fibroblast activation through THBS2/TGFβ1/P-Smad2/3 signalling pathway in hypertrophic scar.Int Wound J. 2023 Nov 20;21(3):e14481. doi: 10.1111/iwj.14481. Online ahead of print. Int Wound J. 2023. PMID: 37986676 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Liu X., Chen X., Zeng K., Xu M., He B., Pan Y., Sun H., Pan B., Xu X., Xu T., et al. DNA-methylation-mediated silencing of miR-486-5p promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and migration through activation of PLAGL2/IGF2/beta-catenin signal pathways. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9:1037. doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-1105-9. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Research Materials
Miscellaneous