Impact of a sensory stimulation program conducted by family members on the consciousness and pain levels of ICU patients: A mixed method study
- PMID: 36203763
- PMCID: PMC9530365
- DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.931304
Impact of a sensory stimulation program conducted by family members on the consciousness and pain levels of ICU patients: A mixed method study
Abstract
Background: The results of several studies show the different effects of a balanced sensory stimulation program (SSP) on patients with brain injury admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), but these effects have been less studied based on mixed and comprehensive methods.
Method: This mixed-method study involved 66 patients with brain injury admitted to the ICU who were allocated into intervention (n = 33) and control (n = 33) groups using random stratified sampling. Patients in the intervention group received a sensory stimulation program from family members for 1 h daily during ICU hospitalization, while the control group received only routine care. Patients' level of consciousness and pain intensity were measured immediately before and after the intervention using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS), respectively. In-depth unstructured interviews were conducted with the patients in the intervention group 3 months after discharge from the ICU. These interviews were analyzed following Graneheim and Lundman (2004) conventional content analysis method.
Results: A significant difference was found between the study groups in terms of the mean difference of GCS (P =0.001) and BPS score (P = 0.001) before and after intervention. Patients in the intervention group had a higher mean GCS and a lower mean BPS than did patients in the control group. The main themes extracted from the qualitative analysis confirmed the results obtained from the quantitative phase of the study.
Conclusion: The combination of the quantitative and qualitative findings suggested that amidst the many hardships and sufferings brain injury patients go through in the ICU, a sensory stimulation program offered by family members may have many benefits such as increased level of consciousness and reduced pain for these patients. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a framework for this program and provide the needed facilities in order to benefit more from the capacity of such programs for ICU patients.
Keywords: Glasgow coma scale (GCS); behavioral pain scale (BPS); brain injury; family members; intensive care unit (ICU); mixed method study; sensory stimulation program.
Copyright © 2022 Adineh, Elahi, Molavynejad, Jahani and Savaie.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Figures
Similar articles
-
Investigating the effect of implementing a sensory stimulation program by family members on delirium status of brain injury patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit: A randomized clinical trial.J Educ Health Promot. 2023 Jun 30;12:187. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_921_22. eCollection 2023. J Educ Health Promot. 2023. PMID: 37546022 Free PMC article.
-
The effects of family-centered affective stimulation on brain-injured comatose patients' level of consciousness: A randomized controlled trial.Int J Nurs Stud. 2017 Sep;74:44-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.05.014. Epub 2017 Jun 4. Int J Nurs Stud. 2017. PMID: 28601692 Clinical Trial.
-
Effect of family members' voice on level of consciousness of comatose patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A single-blind randomized controlled trial.Adv Biomed Res. 2015 May 29;4:106. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.157806. eCollection 2015. Adv Biomed Res. 2015. PMID: 26261808 Free PMC article.
-
The effect of family-centered sensory and affective stimulation on comatose patients with traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Int J Nurs Stud. 2021 Mar;115:103846. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103846. Epub 2020 Dec 7. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021. PMID: 33485101 Review.
-
Sensory stimulation to improve arousal in comatose patients after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of the literature.Neurol Sci. 2020 Sep;41(9):2367-2376. doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04410-9. Epub 2020 Apr 22. Neurol Sci. 2020. PMID: 32323082 Review.
Cited by
-
Effectiveness of coma arousal therapy on patients with disorders of consciousness - A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain Circ. 2024 Jun 26;10(2):119-133. doi: 10.4103/bc.bc_112_23. eCollection 2024 Apr-Jun. Brain Circ. 2024. PMID: 39036297 Free PMC article. Review.
References
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources