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Review
. 2022 Dec;3(12):e969-e983.
doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00203-8. Epub 2022 Sep 28.

The gut mycobiome in health, disease, and clinical applications in association with the gut bacterial microbiome assembly

Fen Zhang  1 , Dominik Aschenbrenner  2 , Ji Youn Yoo  3 , Tao Zuo  4
Affiliations
Free article
Review

The gut mycobiome in health, disease, and clinical applications in association with the gut bacterial microbiome assembly

Fen Zhang et al. Lancet Microbe. 2022 Dec.
Free article

Abstract

The gut mycobiome (fungi) is a small but crucial component of the gut microbiome in humans. Intestinal fungi regulate host homoeostasis, pathophysiological and physiological processes, and the assembly of the co-residing gut bacterial microbiome. Over the past decade, accumulating studies have characterised the gut mycobiome in health and several pathological conditions. We review the compositional and functional diversity of the gut mycobiome in healthy populations from birth to adulthood. We describe factors influencing the gut mycobiome and the roles of intestinal fungi-especially Candida and Saccharomyces spp-in diseases and therapies with a particular focus on their synergism with the gut bacterial microbiome and host immunity. Finally, we discuss the underappreciated effects of gut fungi in clinical implications, and highlight future microbiome-based therapies that harness the tripartite relationship among the gut mycobiome, bacterial microbiome, and host immunity, aiming to restore a core gut mycobiome and microbiome and to improve clinical efficacy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests.

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