The Reciprocal Relationship between LDL Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- PMID: 34940565
- PMCID: PMC8708656
- DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120807
The Reciprocal Relationship between LDL Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance feature substantial modifications of the lipoprotein profile, including a higher proportion of smaller and denser low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. In addition, qualitative changes occur in the composition and structure of LDL, including changes in electrophoretic mobility, enrichment of LDL with triglycerides and ceramides, prolonged retention of modified LDL in plasma, increased uptake by macrophages, and the formation of foam cells. These modifications affect LDL functions and favor an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetic individuals. In this review, we discuss the main findings regarding the structural and functional changes in LDL particles in diabetes pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies targeting LDL in patients with diabetes.
Keywords: deleterious effects; endothelial dysfunction; glycation; low-density lipoprotein; modified LDL; oxidation; small and dense LDL; type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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