. 2021 Oct 20:12:751411.

doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.751411. eCollection 2021.

The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Insomnia in College Students in Qinghai Province: The Mediating Effect of Rumination

Shuheng Xiao¹, Shuai Liu^{1

2}, Puxiao Zhang³, Jia Yu⁴, Huaihong A², Hui Wu², Fabin Zhang⁵, Yulan Xiao⁶, Naiben Ma⁷, Xiuqin Zhang^{7

8}, Xiaoxia Ma⁸, Junfeng Li^{9

10}, Xiaodun Wang^{11

12}, Xin Shao^{13

14}, Wenjing Liu², Xiaolin Zhang², Wei Wu², Lihua Wang², Rihan Wu², Yinglian He², Zeyu Xu¹⁵, Luhao Chi¹, Shixu Du¹, Bin Zhang¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
² The Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China.
³ First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
⁴ The Third People's Hospital of Panzhihua, Panzhihua, China.
⁵ Department of Student Affairs, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
⁶ Office of the President, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China.
⁷ Department of Student Affairs, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China.
⁸ Mental Health Education Center, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China.
⁹ School of Economics and Trade, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, China.
¹⁰ School of Economics and Management, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China.
¹¹ School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
¹² School of Civil and Traffic Engineering, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China.
¹³ School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
¹⁴ School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China.
¹⁵ Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

PMID: 34744840
PMCID: PMC8563788
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.751411

The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Insomnia in College Students in Qinghai Province: The Mediating Effect of Rumination

Shuheng Xiao et al. Front Psychiatry. 2021.

. 2021 Oct 20:12:751411.

doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.751411. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
² The Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China.
³ First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
⁴ The Third People's Hospital of Panzhihua, Panzhihua, China.
⁵ Department of Student Affairs, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
⁶ Office of the President, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China.
⁷ Department of Student Affairs, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China.
⁸ Mental Health Education Center, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China.
⁹ School of Economics and Trade, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, China.
¹⁰ School of Economics and Management, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China.
¹¹ School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
¹² School of Civil and Traffic Engineering, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China.
¹³ School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
¹⁴ School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China.
¹⁵ Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

PMID: 34744840
PMCID: PMC8563788
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.751411

Abstract

Background: This study investigates the mediating effect of rumination on the associations between depressive symptoms and insomnia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Ruminant Response Scale (RRS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were determined in 12,178 college students in Qinghai province by a questionnaire network platform. Results: The prevalence of insomnia was 38.6% in the participants. Insomnia symptoms [interquartile range: 6 (3, 9)], depressive symptoms [interquartile range: 5 (1, 9)], and rumination [interquartile range: 22 (20, 26)] were positively correlated (r = 0.25-0.46, p < 0.01). Mediation effect analysis showed that the depressive symptoms affected insomnia directly and indirectly. The direct effect and the indirect effect through rumination account for 92.4 and 7.6% of the total effect, respectively. Conclusion: The study shows that insomnia, depressive symptoms, and rumination are related constructs in college students in Qinghai province. It demonstrates the direct effects and the rumination-mediated indirect effects between depressive symptoms and insomnia; the direct effects seem to be dominant.

Keywords: college students; depressive symptoms; insomnia; mediation effect; ruminative thinking.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Model of mediating effect of rumination on insomnia symptoms and depressive symptoms. *** indicates path coefficients are significant (p < 0.05).

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Insomnia in College Students in Qinghai Province: The Mediating Effect of Rumination

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The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Insomnia in College Students in Qinghai Province: The Mediating Effect of Rumination

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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