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. 2021 Sep 26;10(19):4415.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10194415.

Periodontitis, Halitosis and Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life-A Cross-Sectional Study

Catarina Izidoro  1   2 , João Botelho  1   2 , Vanessa Machado  1   2 , Ana Mafalda Reis  3   4 , Luís Proença  5 , Ricardo Alves  1   2 , José João Mendes  2
Affiliations

Periodontitis, Halitosis and Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life-A Cross-Sectional Study

Catarina Izidoro et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

We aimed to explore the association between volatile sulfurous compounds (VSCs) and periodontal epithelial surface area (PESA) and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) on a cohort of periodontitis patients. Consecutive patients were assessed for periodontitis and halitosis. A full-mouth periodontal status assessment tested probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession (REC), bleeding on probing (BoP), PISA and PESA. A halitosis assessment was made using a VSC detector device. Periodontal measures were regressed across VSC values using adjusted multivariate linear analysis. From a total of seventy-two patients (37 females/35 males), the PESA of posterior-lower regions was found to be significantly higher in halitosis cases than their non-halitosis counterparts (p = 0.031). Considering all patients, the PESA of the posterior-lower region (B = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.2-2.3, p = 0.026) and age (B = -1.6, 95% CI: -3.1-0.2, p = 0.026) showed significant association with VSCs. In halitosis patients, the PESA of the posterior-lower region (B = 0.1, 95% CI: 0.0-0.1, p = 0.001), PISA Total (B = -0.1, 95% CI: -0.1-0.0, p = 0.008) and the OHIP-14 domain of physical disability (B = -2.1, 95% CI:-4.1-0.1, p = 0.040) were the most significant variables in this model. The PESA from the posterior-lower region may be associated with VSCs when other causes of extra-oral halitosis are excluded. Further intervention studies are needed to confirm this association.

Keywords: halitosis; oral-health-related quality of life; periodontal disease; periodontal medicine; periodontitis; volatile sulfurous compounds.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of participants.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Graphical representation of PESA posterior-lower teeth and age towards the measurement of VSCs. (a) PESA (Lower and Posterior Region) vs Halimeter; (b) Age vs Halimeter; (c) Age*PESA (Lower and Posterior Region) vs Halimeter.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Graphical representation of PESA posterior-lower teeth and age towards the measurement of VSCs. (a) PESA (Lower and Posterior Region) vs Halimeter; (b) Age vs Halimeter; (c) Age*PESA (Lower and Posterior Region) vs Halimeter.
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