Effect of Polyphenol-Rich Foods, Juices, and Concentrates on Recovery from Exercise Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- PMID: 34578866
- PMCID: PMC8465563
- DOI: 10.3390/nu13092988
Effect of Polyphenol-Rich Foods, Juices, and Concentrates on Recovery from Exercise Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Objectives. To determine the effects of consuming polyphenol-rich foods, juices and concentrates on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Method. Eligibility criteria. Randomised and quasi-randomised placebo-controlled trials with a parallel or cross-over design evaluating the effects of consuming polyphenol-rich foods, juices and concentrates on recovery from EIMD in humans. Eligible studies included at least one of the primary outcome measures: maximal isometric voluntary contraction; MIVC, delayed onset muscle soreness; DOMS, or countermovement jump; CMJ. Information sources. AMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, PUBMED, SCOPUS (Elsevier), SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), and the UK Clinical Trials Gateway were searched from inception to September 2020. Risk of bias and quality of evidence. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Synthesis of results. Random effects models were used to determine the effect of polyphenol supplementation on recovery from EIMD. Data are presented as standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. Included studies. Twenty-five studies were included; 15 had a parallel, and 10 had a cross-over design. A total of 527 participants (male: n = 425; female: n = 102) were included in the meta-analysis. Synthesis of results. Consumption of polyphenol-rich foods, juices and concentrates accelerated recovery of MIVC immediately post-exercise (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI 0.04, 0.42; p = 0.02; low-quality evidence), 24 h (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI 0.15, 0.62; p = 0.001; low-quality evidence), 48 h (SMD = 0.48, 95% CI 0.28, 0.67; p < 0.001; moderate-quality evidence), 72 h (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI 0.11, 0.46; p = 0.001; low-quality evidence) and 96 h post-exercise (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI 0.16, 0.83; p = 0.004; very low-quality evidence). DOMS was reduced at 24 h (SMD = -0.29, 95% CI -0.47, -0.11; p = 0.002; low-quality evidence), 48 h (SMD = -0.28, 95% CI -0.46, -0.09; p = 0.003; low-quality evidence) and 72 h post-exercise (SMD = -0.46, 95% CI -0.69, -0.24; p < 0.001; very low-quality evidence). CMJ height was greater immediately post-exercise (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI 0.01, 0.53; p = 0.04; low-quality evidence), at 24 h (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI 0.11, 0.83; p = 0.01; very low-quality evidence), 48 h (SMD = 0.58, 95% CI 0.24, 0.91; p < 0.001; very low-quality evidence) and 72 h post-exercise (SMD = 0.57, 95% CI 0.03, 1.10; p = 0.04; very low-quality evidence). Polyphenol supplementation did not alter creatine kinase, c-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 at any time points. At 72 h post-exercise, protein carbonyls (SMD = -0.64, 95% CI -1.14, -0.14; p = 0.01) were reduced. Discussion. Limitations of evidence. Risk of bias was high for 10 studies and moderate for 15. Sensitivity analyses excluding the high risk of bias studies reduced the SMDs for MIVC and DOMS, and for CMJ effects at 24 and 48 h were no longer statistically significant. Interpretation. Consuming polyphenol-rich foods, juices and concentrates accelerated recovery of muscle function while reducing muscle soreness in humans. Maximal benefit occurred 48-72 h post-exercise, however, the certainty of the evidence was moderate to very low. Supplementation could be useful when there is limited time between competitive events and impaired recovery could negatively impact performance.
Keywords: exercise; muscle damage; polyphenols; recovery; supplementation.
Conflict of interest statement
A.L. and M.E.B. have previously received funding from the Cherry Marketing Institute to investigate the effects of cherry on gout. The other authors declare no competing interests.
Figures
Similar articles
-
Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Dec 14;12(12):CD009789. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009789.pub2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017. PMID: 29238948 Free PMC article. Review.
-
The Effect of Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice on Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Intervention Trials.J Diet Suppl. 2022;19(6):749-771. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1939472. Epub 2021 Jun 21. J Diet Suppl. 2022. PMID: 34151694
-
Effects of Polyphenol Consumption on Recovery in Team Sport Athletes of Both Sexes: A Systematic Review.Nutrients. 2022 Oct 1;14(19):4085. doi: 10.3390/nu14194085. Nutrients. 2022. PMID: 36235737 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Flavonoid Containing Polyphenol Consumption and Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports Med. 2021 Jun;51(6):1293-1316. doi: 10.1007/s40279-021-01440-x. Epub 2021 Mar 9. Sports Med. 2021. PMID: 33687663
-
The Effects of Pre-conditioning on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports Med. 2023 Aug;53(8):1537-1557. doi: 10.1007/s40279-023-01839-8. Epub 2023 May 9. Sports Med. 2023. PMID: 37160563 Free PMC article.
Cited by
-
The Influence of a Polyphenol-Rich Red Berry Fruit Juice on Recovery Process and Leg Strength Capacity after Six Days of Intensive Endurance Exercise in Recreational Endurance Athletes.Nutrients. 2024 May 9;16(10):1428. doi: 10.3390/nu16101428. Nutrients. 2024. PMID: 38794667 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Advances in nutritional supplementation for sarcopenia management.Front Nutr. 2023 Jul 10;10:1189522. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1189522. eCollection 2023. Front Nutr. 2023. PMID: 37492597 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Blueberry intake elevates post-exercise anti-inflammatory oxylipins: a randomized trial.Sci Rep. 2023 Jul 24;13(1):11976. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-39269-1. Sci Rep. 2023. PMID: 37488250 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
The Efficacy of New Zealand Greenshell™ Mussel Powder Supplementation in Supporting Muscle Recovery Following Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Healthy, Untrained Adult Males.Nutrients. 2023 May 15;15(10):2316. doi: 10.3390/nu15102316. Nutrients. 2023. PMID: 37242198 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Effectiveness of supplementation with date seed (Phoenix dactylifera) as a functional food on inflammatory markers, muscle damage, and BDNF following high-intensity interval training: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Eur J Nutr. 2023 Aug;62(5):2001-2014. doi: 10.1007/s00394-023-03125-9. Epub 2023 Mar 7. Eur J Nutr. 2023. PMID: 36881179 Clinical Trial.
References
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
Research Materials