Gross pathology associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N1 in naturally infected birds in the UK (2020-2021)
- PMID: 34310721
- DOI: 10.1002/vetr.731
Gross pathology associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N1 in naturally infected birds in the UK (2020-2021)
Abstract
Background: Multiple outbreaks with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses, including H5N8 and H5N1, have occurred in the United Kingdom, as well as in other European countries, since late 2020.
Methods: This report describes the pathology among poultry species (chickens, turkeys, ducks, and pheasants) and captive birds (Black Swans, a whistling duck and peregrine falcons) naturally infected with HPAIV from 22 cases of HPAIV H5N8 and two cases of HPAIV H5N1 outbreaks investigated between October 2020 and April 2021.
Results: On gross examination, pancreatic necrosis was easily identified and most commonly observed in galliformes infected with both subtypes of HPAIV but rarely in anseriformes. In addition, splenic necrosis was also frequently observed in chickens and turkeys infected with HPAIV H5N8. Other less common lesions included cardiac petechiae, serosal haemorrhages and ascites in a variety of species.
Conclusion: Given the widespread dissemination of HPAIV infection in susceptible avian species during autumn/winter 2020-2021, these data, when evaluated along with clinical information, is a valuable first step for both veterinarians and field services to evaluate gross pathology at post-mortem to support the diagnosis of HPAIV infection.
© 2021 Crown copyright. Veterinary Record published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Veterinary Association.
Similar articles
-
Transmission dynamics and pathogenesis differ between pheasants and partridges infected with clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 and H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses.J Gen Virol. 2024 Jan;105(1). doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001946. J Gen Virol. 2024. PMID: 38289661
-
Phylogenetic Analysis of H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Ukraine, 2016-2017.Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2021 Dec;21(12):979-988. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0031. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2021. PMID: 34958264 Free PMC article.
-
The genetics of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of subtype H5 in Germany, 2006-2020.Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021 May;68(3):1136-1150. doi: 10.1111/tbed.13843. Epub 2020 Sep 29. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021. PMID: 32964686 Review.
-
Respiratory disease due to mixed viral infections in poultry flocks in Egypt between 2017 and 2018: Upsurge of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N8 since 2018.Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021 Jan;68(1):21-36. doi: 10.1111/tbed.13281. Epub 2019 Jul 11. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021. PMID: 31297991
-
Avian influenza in birds and mammals.Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009 Jul;32(4):255-73. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.01.001. Epub 2008 May 15. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009. PMID: 18485480 Review.
Cited by
-
Pathological and phylogenetic characteristics of fowl AOAV-1 and H5 isolated from naturally infected Meleagris Gallopavo.BMC Vet Res. 2024 May 21;20(1):216. doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04029-4. BMC Vet Res. 2024. PMID: 38773480 Free PMC article.
-
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5 Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Birds and Mammals.Animals (Basel). 2024 May 2;14(9):1372. doi: 10.3390/ani14091372. Animals (Basel). 2024. PMID: 38731377 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Comparison of the Clinical Manifestation of HPAI H5Nx in Different Poultry Types in the Netherlands, 2014-2022.Pathogens. 2024 Mar 26;13(4):280. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13040280. Pathogens. 2024. PMID: 38668235 Free PMC article.
-
Pathological investigation of high pathogenicity avian influenza H5N8 in captive houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata), the United Arab Emirates 2020.Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 20;14(1):4235. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54884-2. Sci Rep. 2024. PMID: 38378877 Free PMC article.
-
Genetic Analysis of H5N1 High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus following a Mass Mortality Event in Wild Geese on the Solway Firth.Pathogens. 2024 Jan 17;13(1):83. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13010083. Pathogens. 2024. PMID: 38251390 Free PMC article.
References
REFERENCES
-
- European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Adlhoch C, Fusaro A, Gonzales JL, Kuiken T, Marangon S, Niqueux E, et al. Avian influenza overview December 2020 - February 2021. EFSA J. 2021;19:e06497
-
- DEFRA. Updated outbreak assessment #20 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in the UK and Europe. 2021. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploa... Accessed 2021
-
- Lewis NS, Banyard AC, Whittard E, Karibayev T, Al Kafagi T, Chvala I, et al. Emergence and spread of novel H5N8, H5N5 and H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza in 2020. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2021;10:148-51
-
- Slomka MJ, Pavlidis T, Banks J, Shell W, Mcnally A, Essen S. Validated H5 Eurasian real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and its application in H5N1 outbreaks in 2005-2006. Avian Dis. 2007;51:373-7
-
- Nagy A, Vostinakova V, Pirchanova Z, Cernikova L, Dirbakova Z, Mojzis M, et al. Development and evaluation of a one-step real-time RT-PCR assay for universal detection of influenza A viruses from avian and mammal species. Arch Virol. 2010;155:665-73
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
Miscellaneous