Review

. 2021 Mar 15:1640:461961.

doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461961. Epub 2021 Feb 2.

Sample preparation and instrumental methods for illicit drugs in environmental and biological samples: A review

Xinlv Chen¹, Xinyan Wu¹, Tiangang Luan², Ruifen Jiang³, Gangfeng Ouyang⁴

Affiliations

¹ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
² Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and safety, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510006, China.
³ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China. Electronic address: jiangrf5@jnu.edu.cn.
⁴ KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, China; Chemistry College, Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China. Electronic address: cesoygf@mail.sysu.edu.cn.

PMID: 33582515
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461961

Review

Sample preparation and instrumental methods for illicit drugs in environmental and biological samples: A review

Xinlv Chen et al. J Chromatogr A. 2021.

. 2021 Mar 15:1640:461961.

doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461961. Epub 2021 Feb 2.

Authors

Xinlv Chen¹, Xinyan Wu¹, Tiangang Luan², Ruifen Jiang³, Gangfeng Ouyang⁴

Affiliations

¹ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
² Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and safety, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510006, China.
³ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China. Electronic address: jiangrf5@jnu.edu.cn.
⁴ KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, China; Chemistry College, Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China. Electronic address: cesoygf@mail.sysu.edu.cn.

PMID: 33582515
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461961

Abstract

Detection of illicit drugs in the environmental samples has been challenged as the consumption increases globally. Current review examines the recent developments and applications of sample preparation techniques for illicit drugs in solid, liquid, and gas samples. For solid samples, traditional sample preparation methods such as liquid-phase extraction, solid-phase extraction, and the ones with external energy including microwave-assisted, ultrasonic-assisted, and pressurized liquid extraction were commonly used. The sample preparation methods mainly applied for liquid samples were microextraction techniques including solid-phase microextraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, dispersive solid-phase extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction, and so on. Capillary microextraction of volatiles and airborne particulate sampling were primarily utilized to extract illicit drugs from gas samples. Besides, the paper introduced recently developed instrumental techniques applied to detect illicit drugs. Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry and gas chromatograph mass spectrometry were the most widely used methods for illicit drugs samples. In addition, the development of ambient mass spectrometry techniques, such as desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and paper spray mass spectrometry, created potential for rapid in-situ analysis.

Keywords: Illicit drugs; detection and determination techniques; environmental samples; sample preparation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no competing financial interest.

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Sample preparation and instrumental methods for illicit drugs in environmental and biological samples: A review

Affiliations

Sample preparation and instrumental methods for illicit drugs in environmental and biological samples: A review

Authors

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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