Types of Cognitive Appraisal and Undertaken Coping Strategies during Sport Competitions
- PMID: 32911617
- PMCID: PMC7558556
- DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186522
Types of Cognitive Appraisal and Undertaken Coping Strategies during Sport Competitions
Abstract
The main aim of the research was to distinguish different types of sport competition appraisals and verify if athletes' interpretation of a stressful situation changed their choice of coping methods. Athletes change their perception during competitions; thus, we assumed that configuration of different ways of interpreting stressful events is more important for coping than one particular appraisal. In total, 193 athletes filled out The Stress Appraisal Questionnaire and The Sport Stress-Coping Strategies Questionnaire to describe their stress appraisals and undertaken coping strategies during a remembered competition that took place within a month before the study. The athletes most often appraised stressful competitions as a challenge. They preferred the coping strategy of being determined to accomplish the established goal. The athletes hardly applied techniques that constituted the basis of mental training. The cluster analysis of the competitors determined three types of sport competition appraisals: positive, negative, and active. An ANOVA with post hoc comparisons showed that participants who revealed positive appraisals undertook the highest number of actions aimed at reaching goals and least frequently sought support. Athletes should be taught not only specific strategies for coping with stress, but also more frequent use of positive judgments of sports competitions.
Keywords: athletes; coping; primary appraisal; stress.
Conflict of interest statement
The author declares no conflict of interest.
Figures
Similar articles
-
Managing pressure: patterns of appraisals and coping strategies of non-elite and elite athletes during competition.J Sports Sci. 2014;32(19):1813-20. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2014.922692. Epub 2014 May 30. J Sports Sci. 2014. PMID: 24878145
-
Perception of coaching behaviors, coping, and achievement in a sport competition.J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2011 Jun;33(3):460-8. doi: 10.1123/jsep.33.3.460. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2011. PMID: 21659673
-
Enduring stress: A quantitative analysis on coping profiles and sport well-being in amateur endurance athletes.Psychol Sport Exerc. 2023 Mar;65:102365. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102365. Epub 2022 Dec 10. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2023. PMID: 37665837
-
Adolescent athletes: psychosocial challenges and clinical concerns.Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012 Jul;25(4):293-300. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283541248. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012. PMID: 22569310 Review.
-
Coping in sport: A systematic review.J Sports Sci. 2007 Jan 1;25(1):11-31. doi: 10.1080/02640410600630654. J Sports Sci. 2007. PMID: 17127578 Review.
Cited by
-
Coping strategies for handling stress and providing mental health in elite athletes: a systematic review.Front Sports Act Living. 2023 Nov 16;5:1265783. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1265783. eCollection 2023. Front Sports Act Living. 2023. PMID: 38033656 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Dugdale J.R., Eklund R.C., Gordon S. Expected and unexpected stressors in major international competition: Appraisal, coping, and performance. Sport Psychol. 2002;16:20–33. doi: 10.1123/tsp.16.1.20. - DOI
-
- Nicholls A.R., Levy A.R., Carson F., Thompson M.A., Perry J.L. The applicability of self-regulation theories in sport: Goal adjustment capacities, stress appraisals, coping, and well-being among athletes. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 2016;27:47–55. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.07.011. - DOI
-
- Lazarus R.S. How emotions influence performance in competitive sports. Sport Psychol. 2000;14:229–252. doi: 10.1123/tsp.14.3.229. - DOI
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources