Determinants of intimate partner violence against women in Ethiopia: A multi-level analysis
- PMID: 32330193
- PMCID: PMC7182270
- DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232217
Determinants of intimate partner violence against women in Ethiopia: A multi-level analysis
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) continues to be a major public health problem globally. Although Ethiopia has a high prevalence of IPV, previous studies in this country have only investigated individual-level determinants of IPV within small geographic areas. The current study aimed to identify the individual-, relationship-, community-, and societal-level determinants of IPV directed against women in Ethiopia since women are predominantly affected. A retrospective analysis of nationally representative data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) was conducted. A sample of 3,897 married women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who participated in the domestic violence module of the survey were included in the analysis. Three-level mixed-effects multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate the individual-, relationship-, community-, and societal-level determinants of IPV. Variability at the community- and societal-level were also assessed. About 1,328 (34.1%) of 3,897 participants reported experiencing IPV (a composite measure of physical, sexual and emotional abuse). In adjusted models, the odds of lifetime IPV experience were higher among women who were older, were married before the age of 18 years, witnessed inter-parental violence during their childhood, had a partner who drank alcohol, and lived in a community with high IPV accepting norms. Alternatively, the odds of IPV were lower among women who had decision-making autonomy in the household, had the same or lower educational attainment as their partner, and lived in a community with low proportions of educated women. These findings reveal that although individual-level factors were significant determinants of IPV, higher level factors, including female education and IPV acceptance in the community, were also important influences on this major public health issue in Ethiopia. These findings suggest combined interventions at different levels may reduce IPV in this country.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Similar articles
-
Multi-level analysis of intimate partner violence and its determinants among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia: evidence from Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, 2016.BMC Public Health. 2024 May 23;24(1):1391. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18781-7. BMC Public Health. 2024. PMID: 38783247 Free PMC article.
-
Geographic variation and determinants of help seeking behaviour among married women subjected to intimate partner violence: evidence from national population survey.Int J Equity Health. 2021 Jan 6;20(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s12939-020-01355-5. Int J Equity Health. 2021. PMID: 33407515 Free PMC article.
-
Magnitude and associated factors of intimate partner violence among youth women in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis based on 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.BMC Womens Health. 2022 Dec 26;22(1):549. doi: 10.1186/s12905-022-02143-9. BMC Womens Health. 2022. PMID: 36572908 Free PMC article.
-
Domestic violence against women and associated factors in Ethiopia; systematic review.Reprod Health. 2015 Aug 29;12:78. doi: 10.1186/s12978-015-0072-1. Reprod Health. 2015. PMID: 26319026 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Determinants of Intimate Partner Violence against Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomed Res Int. 2022 Mar 26;2022:4641343. doi: 10.1155/2022/4641343. eCollection 2022. Biomed Res Int. 2022. PMID: 35378786 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
Prognostic factors of first intimate partner violence among ever-married women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Gompertz gamma shared frailty modeling.PLoS One. 2024 May 31;19(5):e0303187. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303187. eCollection 2024. PLoS One. 2024. PMID: 38820457 Free PMC article.
-
Multi-level analysis of intimate partner violence and its determinants among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia: evidence from Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, 2016.BMC Public Health. 2024 May 23;24(1):1391. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18781-7. BMC Public Health. 2024. PMID: 38783247 Free PMC article.
-
Conceptualising the empowerment of caregivers raising children with developmental disabilities in Ethiopia: a qualitative study.BMC Health Serv Res. 2023 Dec 15;23(1):1420. doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-10428-4. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023. PMID: 38102602 Free PMC article.
-
Bayesian spatial modelling of intimate partner violence and associated factors among adult women and men: evidence from 2019/2020 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey.BMC Public Health. 2023 Oct 20;23(1):2061. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16988-8. BMC Public Health. 2023. PMID: 37864202 Free PMC article.
-
Investigating the relationship between domestic violence with substance abuse and suicide resilience in mothers with disabled children.Front Public Health. 2023 Aug 17;11:1223896. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1223896. eCollection 2023. Front Public Health. 2023. PMID: 37663857 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Sunita K. and Kiersten J., Profiling Domestic Violence: A Multi-Country Study. 2004: Calverton, Maryland,ORC Macro.
-
- Garcia-Moreno C., et al., Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence. The Lancet, 2006. 368(9543): p. 1260–1269. - PubMed
-
- World Health Organization (WHO), Global and Regional Estimates of Violence against Women: Prevalence and Health Effects of Intimate Partner Violence and Nonpartner Sexual Violence. 2013: Geneva, Switzerland,.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical