Brain Stimulation for Improving Sleep and Memory

Roneil G Malkani¹, Phyllis C Zee²

Affiliations

¹ Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Suite 525, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: R-malkani@northwestern.edu.
² Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Suite 520, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

PMID: 32005347
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2019.11.002

Review

Brain Stimulation for Improving Sleep and Memory

Roneil G Malkani et al. Sleep Med Clin. 2020 Mar.

. 2020 Mar;15(1):101-115.

doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2019.11.002. Epub 2020 Jan 2.

Authors

Roneil G Malkani¹, Phyllis C Zee²

Affiliations

¹ Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Suite 525, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: R-malkani@northwestern.edu.
² Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Suite 520, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

PMID: 32005347
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2019.11.002

Abstract

Given the critical role of sleep, particularly sleep slow oscillations, sleep spindles, and hippocampal sharp wave ripples, in memory consolidation, sleep enhancement represents a key opportunity to improve cognitive performance. Techniques such as transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation and acoustic stimulation can enhance slow oscillations and sleep spindles and potentially improve memory. Targeted memory reactivation in sleep may enhance or stabilize memory consolidation. Each technique has technical considerations that may limit its broader clinical application. Therefore, neurostimulation to enhance sleep quality, in particular sleep slow oscillations, has the potential for improving sleep-related memory consolidation in healthy and clinical populations.

Keywords: Acoustic stimulation; Brain stimulation; Closed-loop stimulation; Memory; Slow wave sleep; Targeted memory reactivation; Transcranial electric stimulation; Transcranial magnetic stimulation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure R.G. Malkani has nothing to disclose. Dr P.C. Zee is an inventor on a patent application for the PLL technique of acoustic stimulation that has been filed by Northwestern University with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (US Patent Application Number 15/517,458). Dr P.C. Zee also serves on the Philips scientific advisory board.

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Brain Stimulation for Improving Sleep and Memory

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Brain Stimulation for Improving Sleep and Memory

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