. 2020 Jan 30;20(1):34.

doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-2449-0.

Factor structure and measurement invariance of the problematic mobile phone use questionnaire-short version across gender in Chinese adolescents and young adults

Ying-Ying Wang^{1

2

3}, Jiang Long^{1

2

4}, Yue-Heng Liu^{1

2}, Tie-Qiao Liu^{5

6}, Joël Billieux^{7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
² The China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, No.139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
³ Changsha Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
⁴ Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
⁵ Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. liutieqiao123@csu.edu.cn.
⁶ The China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, No.139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. liutieqiao123@csu.edu.cn.
⁷ Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Joel.Billieux@unil.ch.
⁸ Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors Lab (ACB - Lab), Institute for Health and Behavior, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg. Joel.Billieux@unil.ch.

PMID: 32000726
PMCID: PMC6993418
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-2449-0

Factor structure and measurement invariance of the problematic mobile phone use questionnaire-short version across gender in Chinese adolescents and young adults

Ying-Ying Wang et al. BMC Psychiatry. 2020.

. 2020 Jan 30;20(1):34.

doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-2449-0.

Authors

Ying-Ying Wang^{1

2

3}, Jiang Long^{1

2

4}, Yue-Heng Liu^{1

2}, Tie-Qiao Liu^{5

6}, Joël Billieux^{7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
² The China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, No.139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
³ Changsha Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
⁴ Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
⁵ Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. liutieqiao123@csu.edu.cn.
⁶ The China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders (Xiangya), Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, No.139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. liutieqiao123@csu.edu.cn.
⁷ Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Joel.Billieux@unil.ch.
⁸ Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors Lab (ACB - Lab), Institute for Health and Behavior, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg. Joel.Billieux@unil.ch.

PMID: 32000726
PMCID: PMC6993418
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-2449-0

Abstract

Background: Problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) has become a public health issue in China, particularly in adolescents and young adults. The Problematic Mobile Phone Use Questionnaire-Short Version (PMPUQ-SV) is a validated instrument that measures multiple aspects of PMPU. The current study aimed to test the psychometric characteristics of a Chinese adaption of the PMPUQ-SV and examine its measurement invariance across gender.

Methods: A total of 2086 participants were recruited form nine schools (six undergraduate colleges and three vocational colleges) through an online platform. Measures included socio-demographic variables, patterns of mobile phone use, the Chinese version of the PMPUQ-SV (C-PMPUQ-SV), the Chinese version of the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (C-SAPS), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21).

Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses conducted in two independent subsamples confirmed that the postulated dimensions fit the data well. Four items, judged as either outdated or not adapted to the Chinese context, performed poorly and were removed, resulting in a shorter 11-item scale. Convergent validity was established through correlations between emotional symptoms and the C-PMPUQ-SV and addictive smartphone use. Additional measurement invariance analyses showed that the scale performed largely similarly in male and female participants.

Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the C-PMPUQ-SV is an adequate instrument to study various types of PMPU in Chinese adolescents and young adults. The updated 11-item scale shortens the evaluation time and is adapted to assess contemporary smartphone use.

Keywords: Measurement invariance; Mobile phone addiction; Mobile phone use; Problematic smartphone use; Smartphone addiction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Factor structure and measurement invariance of the problematic mobile phone use questionnaire-short version across gender in Chinese adolescents and young adults

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Factor structure and measurement invariance of the problematic mobile phone use questionnaire-short version across gender in Chinese adolescents and young adults

Authors

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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