Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2020 Jan 11;41(2).
doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2019-0055.

Sexual motivation: problem solved and new problems introduced

Donald Pfaff  1 , Farid Saad  2
Affiliations
Review

Sexual motivation: problem solved and new problems introduced

Donald Pfaff et al. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. .

Abstract

Background During the past 50 years, motivational studies have evolved from the logical inference of logically required "intervening variables" to explain behavioral change, to electrophysiological and molecular analyses of the mechanisms causing such changes. Aim The purpose of this review article is two-fold: first to describe the logic of sexual motivation in a way that applies to laboratory animals as well as humans, and the second is to address some of the problems of sexual motivation experienced by men. Results When problems of motivational mechanisms are stripped down to their essentials, as performed in the laboratory animal models and are available for reductionistic studies, then the problems can be solved with certainty, as illustrated in the first part of this review. However, with respect to human sexual motivation, the various determinants which include so many behavioral routes and so many brain states come into play, that definite conclusions are harder to come by, as illustrated in the second part of this review. Conclusions This review highlights a number of key questions that merit further investigation. These include (a) What mechanisms do cultural and experiential influences interact with androgenic hormone influences on human sexual motivation? (b) How would epigenetic effects in the human brain related to changes in motivation be investigated? (c) What are the effects of unpredictable traumatic and stressful human experiences on sexual motivation; (d) How such mechanisms are activated upon unpredictable traumatic and stressful insults? (e) What are the outstanding differences between sexual motivational drive and motivations driven by homeostatic systems such as hunger and thirst?

Keywords: androgens; cognitive function; novelty seeking; sexual motivations; testosterone.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Pfaff DW, editor. The physiological mechanisms of motivation. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1982.
    1. Pfaff D, Tabansky I, Haubensak W. Tinbergen’s challenge for the neuroscience of behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116:9704–10.
    1. Pfaff DW. How the vertebrate brain regulates behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2017.
    1. Hull EM, Rodriguez-Manzo G. Male sexual behavior. In: Pfaff DW, editor. Hormones, brain and behavior. San Diego,CA: Academic Press/Elsevier; 2017;1 of 5:1–51.
    1. Rice ME. Closing in on what motivates motivation. Nature. 2019;570:40–3.

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources