Changing views of the pathophysiology of Parkinsonism
- PMID: 31216379
- DOI: 10.1002/mds.27741
Changing views of the pathophysiology of Parkinsonism
Abstract
Studies of the pathophysiology of parkinsonism (specifically akinesia and bradykinesia) have a long history and primarily model the consequences of dopamine loss in the basal ganglia on the function of the basal ganglia/thalamocortical circuit(s). Changes of firing rates of individual nodes within these circuits were originally considered central to parkinsonism. However, this view has now given way to the belief that changes in firing patterns within the basal ganglia and related nuclei are more important, including the emergence of burst discharges, greater synchrony of firing between neighboring neurons, oscillatory activity patterns, and the excessive coupling of oscillatory activities at different frequencies. Primarily focusing on studies obtained in nonhuman primates and human patients with Parkinson's disease, this review summarizes the current state of this field and highlights several emerging areas of research, including studies of the impact of the heterogeneity of external pallidal neurons on parkinsonism, the importance of extrastriatal dopamine loss, parkinsonism-associated synaptic and morphologic plasticity, and the potential role(s) of the cerebellum and brainstem in the motor dysfunction of Parkinson's disease. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
© 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Comment in
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Editor's Note: Pathophysiology of the Basal Ganglia Grows in Understanding and Complexity but Essential Unknown Remains.Mov Disord. 2019 Aug;34(8):1128-1129. doi: 10.1002/mds.27829. Mov Disord. 2019. PMID: 31424621 No abstract available.
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Starting from Scratch-Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology.Mov Disord. 2020 Jan;35(1):196-197. doi: 10.1002/mds.27923. Mov Disord. 2020. PMID: 31965628 No abstract available.
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Reply to: "Starting from Scratch-Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology".Mov Disord. 2020 Jan;35(1):197-198. doi: 10.1002/mds.27940. Mov Disord. 2020. PMID: 31965631 No abstract available.
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