Neurochemical features of idiopathic restless legs syndrome
- PMID: 30965199
- DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.03.006
Neurochemical features of idiopathic restless legs syndrome
Abstract
The most important traditional hypotheses of the pathogenesis of idiopathic restless legs syndrome (iRLS) involve dopaminergic dysfunction and iron deficiency. However, a possible role of other neurotransmitter or neuromodulators, mainly glutamate, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GABA), and adenosine have been suggested in recent reports. Moreover, iron deficiency in experimental models (which causes sensorimotor symptoms resembling those of RLS) is able to induce changes in dopaminergic, glutamatergic and adenosinergic neurotransmission, thus suggesting its crucial role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Relationship between iRLS and opiates, oxidative stress and nitric oxide, and with vitamin D deficiency has also been reported, although data regarding these variables should be considered as preliminary. In this review, we focus on studies relating to neurochemical findings in iRLS.
Keywords: Dopaminergic dysfunction; GABA; Glutamate; Iron deficiency; Neurochemistry; Neurotransmitters; Restless legs syndrome.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Similar articles
-
[Pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome].Brain Nerve. 2009 May;61(5):523-32. Brain Nerve. 2009. PMID: 19514512 Review. Japanese.
-
Central and peripheral nervous system excitability in restless legs syndrome.Sleep Med. 2017 Mar;31:49-60. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.05.010. Epub 2016 Aug 27. Sleep Med. 2017. PMID: 27745789 Review.
-
The neurophysiology of hyperarousal in restless legs syndrome: Hints for a role of glutamate/GABA.Adv Pharmacol. 2019;84:101-119. doi: 10.1016/bs.apha.2018.12.002. Epub 2019 Jan 18. Adv Pharmacol. 2019. PMID: 31229167 Review.
-
Adenosine receptors as markers of brain iron deficiency: Implications for Restless Legs Syndrome.Neuropharmacology. 2016 Dec;111:160-168. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.09.002. Epub 2016 Sep 4. Neuropharmacology. 2016. PMID: 27600688 Free PMC article.
-
In search of alternatives to dopaminergic ligands for the treatment of restless legs syndrome: iron, glutamate, and adenosine.Sleep Med. 2017 Mar;31:86-92. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.08.019. Epub 2016 Nov 1. Sleep Med. 2017. PMID: 27899234 Review.
Cited by
-
Suspected duloxetine-induced restless legs syndrome phenotypic variant: a case report.BMC Psychiatry. 2024 May 10;24(1):349. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05763-7. BMC Psychiatry. 2024. PMID: 38730422 Free PMC article.
-
Restless leg syndrome in spinal cord injury: case report.Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2023 May 4;9(1):19. doi: 10.1038/s41394-023-00576-4. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2023. PMID: 37137889 Free PMC article.
-
Vitamin D and Restless Legs Syndrome: A Review of Current Literature.Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2023 Apr 6;13:12. doi: 10.5334/tohm.741. eCollection 2023. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2023. PMID: 37034443 Free PMC article. Review.
-
LAG3/CD4 Genes Variants and the Risk for Restless Legs Syndrome.Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Nov 26;23(23):14795. doi: 10.3390/ijms232314795. Int J Mol Sci. 2022. PMID: 36499121 Free PMC article.
-
Possible etiologies of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy: a narrative review.Sleep Sci. 2022 Oct-Dec;15(4):471-479. doi: 10.5935/1984-0063.20220080. Sleep Sci. 2022. PMID: 36419819 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical