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. 2019;9(1):183-196.
doi: 10.3233/JPD-181480.

Significance and Translational Value of High-Frequency Cortico-Basal Ganglia Oscillations in Parkinson's Disease

Per Petersson  1   2 , Pär Halje  1   2 , M Angela Cenci  3
Affiliations

Significance and Translational Value of High-Frequency Cortico-Basal Ganglia Oscillations in Parkinson's Disease

Per Petersson et al. J Parkinsons Dis. 2019.

Abstract

The mechanisms and significance of basal ganglia oscillations is a fundamental research question engaging both clinical and basic investigators. In Parkinson's disease (PD), neural activity in basal ganglia nuclei is characterized by oscillatory patterns that are believed to disrupt the dynamic processing of movement-related information and thus generate motor symptoms. Beta-band oscillations associated with hypokinetic states have been reviewed in several excellent previous articles. Here we focus on faster oscillatory phenomena that have been reported in association with a diverse range of motor states. We review the occurrence of different types of fast oscillations and the evidence supporting their pathophysiological role. We also provide a general discussion on the definition, possible mechanisms, and translational value of synchronized oscillations of different frequencies in cortico-basal ganglia structures. Revealing how oscillatory phenomena are caused and spread in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical networks will offer a key to unlock the neural codes of both motor and non-motor symptoms in PD. In preclinical therapeutic research, recording of oscillatory neural activities holds the promise to unravel mechanisms of action of current and future treatments.

Keywords: Pathophysiology; animal models; bradykinesia; cortex; dyskinesia; movement disorders; thalamus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflict of interest to report.

Figures

Fig.1
Fig.1
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia is strongly associated with 80 Hz cortical oscillations in both Parkinson’s disease patients and in rodent models of the disease. This gives unique opportunities to search for the network mechanism underlying motor symptoms. (a-b) Rat data (ON/OFF levodopa denoted in red/black). (c-d) Human data (ON and OFF levodopa represented in (c) and (d), respectively). Note the striking similarity of the high-frequency oscillations associated with dyskinesia in rats/humans and the difference of these narrowband resonant oscillations compared to physiological broadband gamma. Figures adapted from Halje et al. and Swann et al. [19, 21]).
Fig.2
Fig.2
Hypothetical models for the propagation of high-frequency cortico-basal ganglia oscillations in Parkinson’s disease. a) Stepwise feed-forward propagation of oscillatory activity. b) A system of independent oscillators that are weakly coupled via direct or indirect anatomical links. c) Thalamus (marked ‘A’ in diagram) acting as a central pacemaker.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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