Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Book

Physiology, Sleep Stages

Aakash K. Patel  1 , Vamsi Reddy  2 , Karlie R. Shumway  3 , John F. Araujo  4
In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan.
.
Affiliations
Free Books & Documents
Book

Physiology, Sleep Stages

Aakash K. Patel et al.
Free Books & Documents

Excerpt

The human body cycles through 2 phases of sleep, (1) rapid eye movement (REM) and (2) nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, which is further divided into 3 stages—N1 to N3. Each phase and stage of sleep includes variations in muscle tone, brain wave patterns, and eye movements. The body cycles through all stages approximately 4 to 6 times each night, averaging 90 minutes for each cycle.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: Aakash Patel declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: Vamsi Reddy declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: Karlie Shumway declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: John Araujo declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Memar P, Faradji F. A Novel Multi-Class EEG-Based Sleep Stage Classification System. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2018 Jan;26(1):84-95. - PubMed
    1. Gottesmann C. GABA mechanisms and sleep. Neuroscience. 2002;111(2):231-9. - PubMed
    1. Murillo-Rodríguez E, Arias-Carrión O, Sanguino-Rodríguez K, González-Arias M, Haro R. Mechanisms of sleep-wake cycle modulation. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2009 Aug;8(4):245-53. - PubMed
    1. Watson CJ, Baghdoyan HA, Lydic R. Neuropharmacology of Sleep and Wakefulness. Sleep Med Clin. 2010 Dec;5(4):513-528. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Vazquez J, Baghdoyan HA. Basal forebrain acetylcholine release during REM sleep is significantly greater than during waking. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001 Feb;280(2):R598-601. - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources