Prevalence of domestic violence and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care service at University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
- PMID: 30107793
- PMCID: PMC6092801
- DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0632-y
Prevalence of domestic violence and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care service at University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Abstract
Background: Domestic violence during pregnancy with its many negative fetal and maternal outcomes is a common public health problem all over the world. Nonetheless, the problem is not well investigated and understood in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of domestic violence and associated factors among pregnant women attending the University of Gondar Referral Hospital antenatal care (ANC) services.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March-May 2016. A total of 450 pregnant women who visited the clinic were included in the study. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants, and a pretested structured questionnaire was employed to collect data. The WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence against women was used to assess the violence against pregnant women. Descriptive statistics such as means, frequencies and percentages were computed. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with domestic violence, and variables with p-values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results: Of the total pregnant women surveyed, 58.7% were victims of at least one form of domestic violence during pregnancy, emotional violence being the most common (57.8%). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that house wives (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.63, 7.21), women with no salary of their own (AOR = 3.37, 95% CI: 2.14, 7.95), partners' daily use of alcohol (AOR = 4.59, 95%CI: 1.82, 11.56), women who believed in women's rights to decide to be pregnant (AOR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.18, 2.89), and women who disobeyed their partner (AOR = 2.36, 95%CI: 1.37, 4.07) were found to be positively and significantly associated with domestic violence during pregnancy.
Conclusion: A high proportion of pregnant women experienced domestic violence during their pregnancy. Being a housewife, poor income status, partners' use of alcohol, unwanted pregnancy, and disobeying of the women to their partner were factors associated with domestic violence during pregnancy. Evidence based female empowerment, especially the empowerment of women without income of their own, partner education and positive relations between partners are very important to minimize the problem.
Keywords: Domestic violence; Emotional violence; Physical violence; Sexual violence.
Conflict of interest statement
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Review Board of University of Gondar with reference number of O/V/P/RCS/05/1549/2016. Permission letter was obtained from the Hospital chief executive officer and medical director. Each pregnant women participated in the study was informed about the purpose, method, expected benefit, and risk of the study. Participants were also informed about their right not to participate or stop the interview at any time. Since it is a cross-sectional study, participating in this study cannot result any negative consequences on the study participants. Hence, informed verbal consent was obtained from the pregnant women who were involved in the study and participant involvement was on voluntary basis. Confidentiality of the study participants was maintained using identification number rather than names.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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