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Review
. 2017 May-Jun;69(3):382-392.
doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.02.020. Epub 2017 Mar 6.

Recent trends in epidemiology of dyslipidemias in India

Rajeev Gupta  1 , Ravinder S Rao  2 , Anoop Misra  3 , Samin K Sharma  4
Affiliations
Review

Recent trends in epidemiology of dyslipidemias in India

Rajeev Gupta et al. Indian Heart J. 2017 May-Jun.

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is the most important atherosclerotic risk factor. Review of population based studies in India shows increasing mean total cholesterol levels. Recent studies have reported that high cholesterol is present in 25-30% of urban and 15-20% rural subjects. This prevalence is lower than high-income countries. The most common dyslipidemia in India are borderline high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides. Studies have reported that over a 20-year period total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels have increased among urban populations. Case-control studies have reported that there is significant association of coronary events with raised apolipoproteinB, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol and inverse association with high apolipoproteinA and HDL cholesterol. Prevalence of suspected familial hypercholesterolemia in urban subjects varies from 1:125 to 1:450. Only limited studies exist regarding lipid abnormalities in children. There is low awareness, treatment and control of hypercholesterolemia in India.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Cholesterol; Coronary heart disease; Hypercholesterolemia; Lipids; Lower middle income countries.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Total cholesterol and ischemic heart disease mortality in Prospective Studies Collaboration.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Increasing mean cholesterol levels in population-based studies in India from 1960s to 1990s.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Prevalence of various dyslipidemias in India Heart Watch multisite study.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Prevalence of various dyslipidemias in a large hospital database.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Mean total cholesterol levels in larger states of India.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Prevalence of various dyslipidemias in the multicentric FitHeart Study.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Association of State-level Human Development Index (HDI) tertiles with prevalence of various dyslipidemias in India.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
20-year trends in prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia among urban subjects in Jaipur Heart Watch (JHW).
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Increasing prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in rural men and women.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Prospective study of association of cholesterol levels with cardiovascular mortality in patients with pre-existing CHD.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Prevalence of severe hypercholesterolemia in population-based and hospital-based cohorts.
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
Hypercholesterolemia awareness, treatment and control among urban adults in India.
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